Interceptive timing: Prior knowledge matters

López‐Moliner, Joan; Field, David T.; Wann, John P.

doi:10.1167/7.13.11

Cited by 49 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Binocular optic information such as binocular disparity (Rushton and Wann, 1999; Gray and Regan, 2004) can also contribute to extract time-to-contact (TTC) information. As more and more evidence became available for the fact that physical prior information like known size (López-Moliner et al, 2007; López-Moliner and Keil, 2012) or object familiarity (Hosking and Crassini, 2010) seems to be used by the perceptual system to more accurately estimate TTC (that is the remaining time until an object reaches a predefined target such as the observer, a certain point on a screen, etc. ), another physical variable came into focus: (earth) gravity.…”

Section: Gravity Information In Vision Related Processing: What Is Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these findings are consistent with an alternative explanation based on the existence of two priors: one relatively inflexible gravity prior and an adaptable air drag prior with information about air resistance and drag coefficients of known objects. This second prior would add to the size prior put forward in López-Moliner et al (2007). A separate representation of air drag has the additional advantage that it can be employed for both vertical and horizontal movement components, while an integrated gravity and air drag prior is only viable for free fall.…”

Section: Attunement To Earth Gravity: Interception Performance Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravity as a Strong Prior: Implications for Perception and Action

Jörges

López‐Moliner

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In the future, humans are likely to be exposed to environments with altered gravity conditions, be it only visually (Virtual and Augmented Reality), or visually and bodily (space travel). As visually and bodily perceived gravity as well as an interiorized representation of earth gravity are involved in a series of tasks, such as catching, grasping, body orientation estimation and spatial inferences, humans will need to adapt to these new gravity conditions. Performance under earth gravity discrepant conditions has been shown to be relatively poor, and few studies conducted in gravity adaptation are rather discouraging. Especially in VR on earth, conflicts between bodily and visual gravity cues seem to make a full adaptation to visually perceived earth-discrepant gravities nearly impossible, and even in space, when visual and bodily cues are congruent, adaptation is extremely slow. We invoke a Bayesian framework for gravity related perceptual processes, in which earth gravity holds the status of a so called “strong prior”. As other strong priors, the gravity prior has developed through years and years of experience in an earth gravity environment. For this reason, the reliability of this representation is extremely high and overrules any sensory information to its contrary. While also other factors such as the multisensory nature of gravity perception need to be taken into account, we present the strong prior account as a unifying explanation for empirical results in gravity perception and adaptation to earth-discrepant gravities.

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Section: Gravity Information In Vision Related Processing: What Is Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attunement To Earth Gravity: Interception Performance Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity as a Strong Prior: Implications for Perception and Action

Jörges

López‐Moliner

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Recent studies have indicated a role of prior knowledge in the organisation of interceptive actions (Diaz, Phillips, & Fajen, 2009;López-Moliner, Field, & Wann, 2007;Morice, François, Jacobs, & Montagne, 2010).…”

Section: Perception Of Ball Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of spin and the interception of curved football trajectories

Casanova

Borg

Bootsma

2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Using plain white and chequered footballs, we evaluated observers' sensitivity to rotation direction and the effects of ball texture on interceptive behaviour. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the maximal distance at which observers (n = 8) could perceive the direction of ball rotation decreased when rotation frequency increased from 5 to 11 Hz. Detection threshold distances were nevertheless always larger for the chequered (decreasing from 47 to 28 m) than for the white (decreasing from 15 to 11 m) ball. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 7) moved laterally along a goal line to intercept the two balls launched with or without ±4.3 Hz sidespin from a 30-m distance. The chequered ball gave rise to shorter movement initiation times when trajectories curved outward (±6 m arrival positions) or did not curve (±2 m arrival positions). Inward curving trajectories, arriving at the same ±2 m distances from the participants as the non-curving trajectories, evoked initial movements in the wrong direction for both ball types, but the amplitude and duration of these reversal movements were attenuated for the chequered ball. We conclude that the early detection of rotation permitted by the chequered ball allowed modulation of interception behaviour without changing its qualitative characteristics.

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“…For ball-catching, a suboptimal but simple “gaze heuristic” has been proposed (Dienes & McLeod, 1996; McLeod, Reed, & Dienes, 2003). However, in such complex sensorimotor tasks, the definition of optimality depends on largely unknown costs, making it difficult to conclusively claim that behavior is suboptimal; in fact, in a simplified setting, ball-catching was found to be near-optimal (Faisal & Wolpert, 2009; López-Moliner, Field, & Wann, 2007). …”

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confidence: 99%

A detailed comparison of optimality and simplicity in perceptual decision making.

Shen¹,

Ji²

2016

Psychological Review

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Two prominent ideas in the study of decision-making have been that organisms behave near-optimally, and that they use simple heuristic rules. These principles might be operating in different types of tasks, but this possibility cannot be fully investigated without a direct, rigorous comparison within a single task. Such a comparison was lacking in most previous studies, because a) the optimal decision rule was simple; b) no simple suboptimal rules were considered; c) it was unclear what was optimal, or d) a simple rule could closely approximate the optimal rule. Here, we used a perceptual decision-making task in which the optimal decision rule is well-defined and complex, and makes qualitatively distinct predictions from many simple suboptimal rules. We find that all simple rules tested fail to describe human behavior, that the optimal rule accounts well for the data, and that several complex suboptimal rules are indistinguishable from the optimal one. Moreover, we found evidence that the optimal model is close to the true model: first, the better the trial-to-trial predictions of a suboptimal model agree with those of the optimal model, the better that suboptimal model fits; second, our estimate of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the optimal model and the true model is not significantly different from zero. When observers receive no feedback, the optimal model still describes behavior best, suggesting that sensory uncertainty is implicitly represented and taken into account. Beyond the task and models studied here, our results have implications for best practices of model comparison.

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Interceptive timing: Prior knowledge matters

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Gravity as a Strong Prior: Implications for Perception and Action

Gravity as a Strong Prior: Implications for Perception and Action

Perception of spin and the interception of curved football trajectories

A detailed comparison of optimality and simplicity in perceptual decision making.

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