Intercellular Pectic Protuberances in Asplenium: New Data on their Composition and Origin

Leroux, Olivier; Knox, John; Leroux, Frédéric R.; Vrijdaghs, Alexander; Bellefroid, Elke; Borgonie, Gaëtan; Viane, Ronnie

doi:10.1093/aob/mcm210

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Sections were incubated for 1 h in primary antibody diluted 1:10 in PBS (140 m m NaCl, 2.7 m m KCl, 10 m m Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.7 m m KH 2 PO 4 , pH 7.2) containing 5% w/v fat‐free milk powder (MP/PBS). mAbs were used with specificity for XG (LM15, Leroux et al. , 2007), HG (JIM5 and JIM7, Clausen et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sections were incubated for 1 h in primary antibody diluted 1:10 in PBS (140 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.7 mM KH 2 PO 4 , pH 7.2) containing 5% w/v fat-free milk powder (MP/PBS). mAbs were used with specificity for XG (LM15, Leroux et al, 2007), HG (JIM5 and JIM7, Clausen et al, 2003), xylan-containing polymers (LM11, McCartney et al, 2005) and MLG (Meikle et al, 1994). After washing in PBS, sections were incubated for 1 h with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated secondary antibody (either antirat-FITC or anti-mouse-FITC as appropriate, both Sigma, http:// www.sigmaaldrich.com/).…”

Section: Fluorescence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed‐linkage (1→3),(1→4)‐β‐d‐glucan is not unique to the Poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls

et al. 2008

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SummaryMixed-linkage (1 fi 3),(1 fi 4)-b-D-glucan (MLG) is widely considered to be a defining feature of the cell walls of plants in the Poales order. However, we conducted an extensive survey of cell-wall composition in diverse land plants and discovered that MLG is also abundant in the walls of the horsetail Equisetum arvense. MALDI-TOF MS and monosaccharide linkage analysis revealed that MLG in E. arvense is an unbranched homopolymer that consists of short blocks of contiguous 1,4-b-linked glucose residues joined by 1,3-b linkages. However, in contrast to Poaceae species, MLG in E. arvense consists mostly of cellotetraose rather than cellotetriose, and lacks long 1,4-b-linked glucan blocks. Monosaccharide linkage analyses and immunochemical profiling indicated that, in E. arvense, MLG is a component of cell walls that have a novel architecture that differs significantly from that of the generally recognized type I and II cell walls. Unlike in type II walls, MLG in E. arvense does not appear to be co-extensive with glucuroarabinoxylans but occurs in walls that are rich in pectin. Immunofluorescence and immunogold localization showed that MLG occurs in both young and old regions of E. arvense stems, and is present in most cell types apart from cells in the vascular tissues. These findings have important implications for our understanding of cell-wall evolution, and also demonstrate that plant cell walls can be constructed in a way not previously envisaged.Keywords: mixed-linkage (1 fi 3),(1 fi 4)-b-D-glucan, Equisetum arvense, cell wall, cell-wall evolution. IntroductionAlmost all plant cells are surrounded by a complex, multifunctional and glycan-rich cell wall (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993;Fry, 2004). As well as providing mechanical support, cell walls act as defensive barriers against pathogens and the environment, and play important roles in determining cell fate and in modulating growth and development (Bacic et al., 1988;Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993;O'Neill et al., 1990;Ridley et al., 2001). Materials from cell walls are also commercially important, and are a source of functional food ingredients, industrial fibres, nutraceuticals and feedstocks for second-generation bio-fuels (Himmel et al., 2007;Kim and Triplett, 2001;Reyna-Villasmil et al., 2007;Willats et al., 2006). In the non-lignified primary walls of growing cells, the main load-bearing components are cellulose microfibrils that are crossed-linked by non-pectic, non-cellulosic polysaccharides (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993;Cosgrove, 2005). This network is embedded in a complex hydrated matrix of pectins and glycoproteins. The structure of cellulose is conserved across the plant kingdom, but the structures and relative amounts of other cell-wall components are highly variable, not just between plant species but also between organs, within tissues and even within cell-wall microdomains (McCann et al., 2007;Willats et al., 2001). ª 2008 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2008 Blackwell Publishing LtdThe Plant Journal (2008Journal ( ) 54, 510-521 doi: 10.1111Jo...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluorescence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed‐linkage (1→3),(1→4)‐β‐d‐glucan is not unique to the Poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls

et al. 2008

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“…For example, in addition to their role in cell-wall structure, the Volvox pherophorins have a novel role as a diffusible sex-inducer glycoprotein (104). Cell differentiation in plants exists at the level of cell-wall composition, with specific wall components being located within specific lineages (38,39,45,84,101,102,123,131), tissues, or cells, or it can be regulated temporally or spatially within a single cell (35,67). Similarly, cell-wall differentiation exists in macroalgae (24, 57), with differences in polysaccharide components depending on the species (42,46,63,73), part of the alga (64), developmental and life-cycle stage (60), and season and habitat (57).…”

Section: Differentiation and Cell-wall Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering Plants

Popper

Michel

Hervé

et al. 2011

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

606

483

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All photosynthetic multicellular Eukaryotes, including land plants and algae, have cells that are surrounded by a dynamic, complex, carbohydrate-rich cell wall. The cell wall exerts considerable biological and biomechanical control over individual cells and organisms, thus playing a key role in their environmental interactions. This has resulted in compositional variation that is dependent on developmental stage, cell type, and season. Further variation is evident that has a phylogenetic basis. Plants and algae have a complex phylogenetic history, including acquisition of genes responsible for carbohydrate synthesis and modification through a series of primary (leading to red algae, green algae, and land plants) and secondary (generating brown algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates) endosymbiotic events. Therefore, organisms that have the shared features of photosynthesis and possession of a cell wall do not form a monophyletic group. Yet they contain some common wall components that can be explained increasingly by genetic and biochemical evidence. 567

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“…The reason for this is that many wall components are deposited in a tissue, cellular or even sub-cellular fashion, often in response to development (Leroux et al, 2007, 2011). Therefore, genomic studies will yield most information when carried out in combination with localization of wall components using (immuno)cytochemical methods (Cave and Bell, 1973; Hervé et al, 2011).…”

Section: Location Location Location and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, genomic studies will yield most information when carried out in combination with localization of wall components using (immuno)cytochemical methods (Cave and Bell, 1973; Hervé et al, 2011). Many of the mAbs and CBMs developed to flowering plant cell walls have the ability to recognize and bind to epitopes present in bryophyte (Carafa et al, 2005) and fern (Leroux et al, 2007, 2011) cell walls including those of C-Fern (as exemplified by Figure 1 ). The ability to apply these techniques to Ceratopteris (and other ferns) provides advantages for investigating plant development involving the cell wall, not afforded by earlier diverging vascular plants.…”

Section: Location Location Location and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Ceratopteris richardii (C-fern): a model for investigating adaptive modification of vascular plant cell walls

Leroux¹,

Eeckhout²,

Viane³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant cell walls are essential for most aspects of plant growth, development, and survival, including cell division, expansive cell growth, cell-cell communication, biomechanical properties, and stress responses. Therefore, characterizing cell wall diversity contributes to our overall understanding of plant evolution and development. Recent biochemical analyses, concomitantly with whole genome sequencing of plants located at pivotal points in plant phylogeny, have helped distinguish between homologous characters and those which might be more derived. Most plant lineages now have at least one fully sequenced representative and although genome sequences for fern species are in progress they are not yet available for this group. Ferns offer key advantages for the study of developmental processes leading to vascularisation and complex organs as well as the specific differences between diploid sporophyte tissues and haploid gametophyte tissues and the interplay between them. Ceratopteris richardii has been well investigated building a body of knowledge which combined with the genomic and biochemical information available for other plants will progress our understanding of wall diversity and its impact on evolution and development.

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Intercellular Pectic Protuberances in Asplenium: New Data on their Composition and Origin

Abstract: It is postulated that IPPs do not originate exclusively from the middle lamellae because extensins were only found in IPPs and not in surrounding cell walls, intercellular space linings or middle lamellae, and because IPPs and their adjacent cell walls are discontinuous.

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Mixed‐linkage (1→3),(1→4)‐β‐d‐glucan is not unique to the Poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls

Mixed‐linkage (1→3),(1→4)‐β‐d‐glucan is not unique to the Poales and is an abundant component of Equisetum arvense cell walls

Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering Plants

Ceratopteris richardii (C-fern): a model for investigating adaptive modification of vascular plant cell walls

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