Intercellular communication in the brain: Wiring versus volume transmission

Agnati, Luigi F.; Zoli, Michèle; Strömberg, Ingrid; Fuxé, Kjell

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00308-6

Cited by 499 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Agnati et al defined two classes of pathways of signal propagation in the brain: volume transmission and wiring. 77 Wiring includes neuronal projections and gap junctions and volume transmission denotes signal diffusion within the brain extracellular fluid. Volume transmission and neuronal projections were previously proposed to mediate cytokine effects in and around the BBB.…”

Section: Pathways Of Cytokine Signal Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79 These data suggest that the propagation of some cytokine signals through the brain is by volume transmission. 77 Volume transmission utilizes CSF, nerve bundles and perivascular space. Perivascular space seems to conduct the spread of IL-1␤ from the CVO into the adjacent brain parenchyma after the systemic injection of LPS.…”

Section: Propagation By Diffusion Through the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…83 IL-1␤, IL-1Ra or Dextran 10 kDa infused into the lateral ventricle rapidly spread to the tissue immediately surrounding the lateral and third ventricle and around blood vessels in ventricles (Konsman, unpublished). The fluid circulation in perivascular spaces constitutes a rapid anisotropic diffusion pathway in the brain 77 and may explain the presence of IL-1 around blood vessels after infusion into the lateral ventricle. Later, IL-1 diffuses from the lateral ventricle along the corpus callosum and external capsule as well as along the white matter nerve bundles of the striatum all the way into the amygdala (Konsman, unpublished).…”

Section: Propagation By Diffusion Through the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pattern of diffusion along nerve bundles suggests that an anisotropic diffusion pathway is in small channels located outside the myelinated axons. 77 This pathway is delineated by the distribution of the Dextran 10 kDa after local injection into the striatum. 84 Altogether, these data suggest that IL-1␤ first diffuses from CVO into the surrounding tissue by arteriolar pulsations (eg from median eminence to arcuate nucleus).…”

Section: Propagation By Diffusion Through the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokine signals propagate through the brain

et al. 2000

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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF␣) are proinflammatory cytokines that are constitutively expressed in healthy, adult brain where they mediate normal neural functions such as sleep. They are neuromodulators expressed by and acting on neurons and glia. IL-1 and TNF␣ expression is upregulated in several important diseases/disorders. Upregulation of IL-1 and/or TNF␣ expression, elicited centrally or systemically, propagates through brain parenchyma following specific spatio-temporal patterns. We propose that cytokine signals propagate along neuronal projections and extracellular diffusion pathways by molecular cascades that need to be further elucidated. This elucidation is a prerequisite for better understanding of reciprocal interactions between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 604-615.

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Section: Pathways Of Cytokine Signal Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Propagation By Diffusion Through the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Propagation By Diffusion Through the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Propagation By Diffusion Through the Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokine signals propagate through the brain

et al. 2000

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“…Interestingly, peptides released from POMC neurons can be detected at sites devoid of postsynaptic receptors and at nonsynaptic sites as well [233][234][235][236]. Accordingly, POMC neurons may participate both in synaptic and volume transmission in the brain [237,238].…”

Section: Pomc Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine control of satiation

Asarian¹,

Bächler

2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Abstract:Eating is a simple behavior with complex functions. The unconscious neuroendocrine process that stops eating and brings a meal to its end is called satiation. Energy homeostasis is mediated accomplished through the control of meal size via satiation. It involves neural integrations of phasic negative-feedback signals related to ingested food and tonic signals, such as those related to adipose tissue mass. Energy homeostasis is accomplished through adjustments in meal size brought about by changes in these satiation signals. The best understood meal-derived satiation signals arise from gastrointestinal nutrient sensing. Gastrointestinal hormones secreted during the meal, including cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and PYY, mediate most of these. Other physiological signals arise from activation of metabolic-sensing neurons, mainly in the hypothalamus and caudal brainstem. We review both classes of satiation signal and their integration in the brain, including their processing by melanocortin, neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide, serotonin, noradrenaline, and oxytocin neurons. Our review is not comprehensive; rather, we discuss only what we consider the best-understood mechanisms of satiation, with a special focus on normally operating physiological mechanisms.

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Dual character, asynaptic and synaptic, of the dopamine innervation in adult rat neostriatum: A quantitative autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analysis

et al. 1996

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Dopamine (DA) axon terminals (varicosities) in the neostriatum of adult rats were examined for shape, size, content, synaptic incidence, type of junction, synaptic targets, and microenvironment after electron microscopic identification either by [3H]DA uptake autoradiography or by immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against DA-glutaraldehyde-protein conjugate. Both approaches yielded comparable results. Whether they were from the paraventricular or the mediodorsal neostriatum, respectively, the [3H]DA-labeled and DA-immunostained varicosities were generally oblong and relatively small; more than 60% contained one or more mitochondria. Sixty to seventy percent were asynaptic, and 30-40% were endowed with a synaptic membrane differentiation (junctional complex), as inferred by stereological extrapolation from single thin sections (both approaches) or observed directly in long, uninterrupted series of thin sections (immunocytochemistry). The synaptic DA varicosities always displayed symmetrical junctions: 67% with dendritic branches, 30% with dendritic spines, and 2-3% with neuronal cell bodies. DA varicosities juxtaposed to one another were frequent. Other axonal varicosities were more numerous in the immediate vicinity of DA varicosities than around randomly selected, unlabeled terminals. The respective microenvironments of DA and unlabeled varicosities also showed enrichment in the preferred synaptic targets of both groups of varicosities, with dendritic branches for DA and dendritic spines for the unlabeled ones. These data suggest a dual mode of operation that is diffuse as well as synaptic for the nigrostriatal DA system. In such a densely DA-innervated brain region, they also lead to the hypothesis that a basal level of extracellular DA might be maintained permanently around every tissue constituent and, thus, contribute to the mechanisms of action, properties, and functions (or dysfunctions) of DA within the neostriatum itself and as part of the basal ganglia circuitry.

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Intercellular communication in the brain: Wiring versus volume transmission

Cited by 499 publications

References 100 publications

Cytokine signals propagate through the brain

Cytokine signals propagate through the brain

Neuroendocrine control of satiation

Dual character, asynaptic and synaptic, of the dopamine innervation in adult rat neostriatum: A quantitative autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analysis

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