Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), but Not ICAM-2 and -3, Is Important for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission

Self Cite

144

Human and mouse SAMHD1 proteins block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in noncycling human monocytic cells by reducing the intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations. Phosphorylation of human SAMHD1 at threonine 592 (T592) by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin A2 impairs its HIV-1 restriction activity, but not the dNTP hydrolase activity, suggesting that dNTP depletion is not the sole mechanism of SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction. Using coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified and validated two additional host proteins interacting with human SAMHD1, namely, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2). We observed that mouse SAMHD1 specifically interacted with cyclin A2, cyclin B1, CDK1, and CDK2. Given the role of these SAMHD1-interacting proteins in cell cycle progression, we investigated the regulation of these host proteins by monocyte differentiation and activation of CD4 ؉ T cells and examined their effect on the phosphorylation of human SAMHD1 at T592. Our results indicate that primary monocyte differentiation and CD4؉ T-cell activation regulate the expression of these SAMHD1-interacting proteins. Furthermore, our results suggest that, in addition to CDK1 and cyclin A2, CDK2 phosphorylates T592 of human SAMHD1 and thereby regulates its HIV-1 restriction function. IMPORTANCE SAMHD1 is the first dNTP triphosphohydrolase found in mammalian cells. Human and mouse SAMHD1 proteins block HIV-1 infection in noncycling cells. Previous studies suggested that phosphorylation of human SAMHD1 at threonine 592 by CDK1and cyclin A2 negatively regulates its HIV-1 restriction activity. However, it is unclear whether human SAMHD1 interacts with other host proteins in the cyclin A2 and CDK1 complex and whether mouse SAMHD1 shares similar cellular interacting partners. Here, we identify five cell cycle-related host proteins that interact with human and mouse SAMHD1, including three previously unknown cellular proteins (CDK2, cyclin B1, and SKP2). Our results demonstrate that several SAMHD1-interacting cellular proteins regulate phosphorylation of SAMHD1 and play an important role in HIV-1 restriction function. Our findings help define the role of these cellular interacting partners of SAMHD1 that regulate its HIV-1 restriction function.

Section: Plasmids Hiv-1 Proviral Vector Pnl-luc-ementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Cellular Proteins Interacting with the Retroviral Restriction Factor SAMHD1

Gelais

Silva

Hach

et al. 2014

Self Cite

144

“…Indeed, the study of HIV and HTLV spreading suggests that Env from these viruses synergizes with LFA-1 and ICAM-1 but is not essential for the establishment of cellcell contact (19,43,102,118). In contrast, ICAM-1 and LFA-1 support efficient spreading, underscoring the synergy between VAMs and CAMs (49,59,102,129).…”

Section: Cams and Vams: Viral Mimicry Of Cell Adhesion Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Cell-to-Cell Transmission

Mothes

Sherer

Jin

et al. 2010

304

267

2Viral infections spread based on the ability of viruses to overcome multiple barriers and move from cell to cell, tissue to tissue, and person to person and even across species. While there are fundamental differences between these types of transmissions, it has emerged that the ability of viruses to utilize and manipulate cell-cell contact contributes to the success of viral infections. Central to the excitement in the field of virus cell-to-cell transmission is the idea that cell-to-cell spread is more than the sum of the processes of virus release and entry. This implies that virus release and entry are efficiently coordinated to sites of cell-cell contact, resulting in a process that is distinct from its individual components. In this review, we will present support for this model, illustrate the ability of viruses to utilize and manipulate cell adhesion molecules, and discuss the mechanism and driving forces of directional spreading. An understanding of viral cell-to-cell spreading will enhance our ability to intervene in the efficient spreading of viral infections.

“…In contrast, the addition of monoclonal antibody against ICAM-3 to infected MoDCs cocultured with CD4 T lymphocytes had no effect on HIV replication in DCs. Others have shown that blocking ICAM-1-LFA-1 interactions on primary CD4 T lymphocytes significantly decreases HIV-1 transmission from immature DCs to lymphocytes but that blocking ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 does not inhibit DC-mediated HIV-1 transfer (49,58). Furthermore, the insertion of ICAM-1 into HIV-1 particles enhances the infection of CD4 T lymphocytes expressing LFA-1 (12,55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of HIV-1 Replication in Immature Dendritic Cells in Contact with Primary CD4 T or B Lymphocytes

Holl

Peressin

et al. 2010

Sexual transmission is the major route of HIV-1 infection worldwide. Dendritic cells (DCs) from the mucosal layers are considered to be the initial targets of HIV-1 and probably play a crucial role in HIV-1 transmission. We investigated the role of cell-to-cell contact between HIV-1-exposed immature DCs and various lymphocyte subsets in the stimulation of HIV-1 replication. We found that HIV-1 replication and production in DCs were substantially enhanced by the coculture of DCs with primary CD4 T or nonpermissive B lymphocytes but not with primary activated CD8 T lymphocytes or human transformed CD4 T lymphocytes. Most of the new virions released by cocultures of HIV-1-exposed immature DCs and primary B lymphocytes expressed the DC-specific marker CD1a and were infectious for both immature DCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cocultured DCs thus produced large numbers of infectious viral particles under these experimental conditions. The soluble factors present in the supernatants of the cocultures were not sufficient to enhance HIV-1 replication in DCs, for which cell-to-cell contact was required. The neutralizing monoclonal antibody IgG1b12 and polyclonal anti-HIV-1 sera efficiently blocked HIV-1 transfer to CD4 T lymphocytes but did not prevent the increase in viral replication in DCs. Neutralizing antibodies thus proved to be more efficient at blocking HIV-1 transfer than previously thought. Our findings show that HIV-1 exploits DC-lymphocyte cross talk to upregulate replication within the DC reservoir. We provide evidence for a novel mechanism that may facilitate HIV-1 replication and transmission. This mechanism may favor HIV-1 pathogenesis, immune evasion, and persistence.