Intercalation Effects on the Dielectric Properties of PVDF/Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposites

Abstract

In this study, we report the effect of intercalation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and urea molecules into the interlayer space of Ti3C2Tx MXene on the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/MXene polymer nanocomposites. MXenes were obtained by a simple hydrothermal method using Ti3AlC2 and a mixture of HCl and KF, and they were then intercalated with DMSO and urea molecules to improve the exfoliation of the layers. Then, nanocomposites based on a PVDF matrix loading of 5–30 wt.% MXene were fabricated by hot pressing. The powders and nanocomposites obtained were characterized by using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were studied by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz. As a result, the intercalation of MXene with urea molecules made it possible to increase the permittivity from 22 to 27 and to slightly decrease the dielectric loss tangent at a filler loading of 25 wt.% and a frequency of 1 kHz. The intercalation of MXene with DMSO molecules made it possible to achieve an increase in the permittivity up to 30 at a MXene loading of 25 wt.%, but the dielectric loss tangent was increased to 0.11. A discussion of the possible mechanisms of MXene intercalation influence on the dielectric properties of PVDF/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites is presented.

Molten salt-shielded synthesis of Ti3AlC2 as a precursor for large-scale preparation of Ti3C2Tx MXene binder-free film electrode supercapacitors

“…To obtain Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase powder, the molten salt shielded synthesis in open air technique was used, similar to the previously described methods. 34,35 TiC (550 mesh, 99.6%, Sichuan Porous Metal Technology Co., Ltd), Ti (400 mesh, 99.9% Sichuan Porous Metal Technology Co., Ltd), and Al (120 mesh, Chengdu WOCO Carbide Industry Co., Ltd) powders were used as reagents. First, the powders were mixed in a stoichiometric molar ratio of 2 : 1 : 1.4 (TiC : Ti : Al) in a PLANETARY MONO MILL Fritsch PULVERISETTE 6 at 300 rpm for 30 min using ZrO 2 balls with 4 mm diameter.…”

Nanochitin/MXene Composite Coated on Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Humidity Sensing

“…In Figure 2e, through X-ray diffraction (D8 ADVANCE, Bruker, Bremen, Germany), a prominent peak is observed at 6.19 • for Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, corresponding to the (002) crystal plane of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene [41], without significant impurity peaks, indicating an ideal etching effect and the desired Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene solution. The presence of a strong peak at 5.57 • for NCM-C indicates the leftward shift of the main peak of the (002) crystal plane and increased interlayer spacing in the composite film [42].…”

Investigating the Structure and Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Nanodiamonds Modified with Aminoacetic Acid

“…In the last decade, various nano-sized particles used for modifying PCMs became widespread. Such particles include CNTs and MWCNTs [ 6 , 7 ], graphene and graphene oxide [ 8 , 9 ], nanodiamonds [ 10 , 11 ], potassium polytitanates [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], MXene [ 15 , 16 ], BN particles [ 17 , 18 ], etc. The success of using various nano-sized particles to increase strength and thermal conductivity, change dielectric properties, use as sorbents [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], as well as to create fireproof materials is confirmed by a large number of studies.…”