Interaural Intensity Difference Limen

Rowland, Roy C.; Tobias, Jerry V.

doi:10.1121/1.1939795

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Data obtained by Rowland and Tobias (1967) and by Stellmack et al (2004) reveal an increase by a factor of about 1.5 to 2.0 when reducing the level over a range of 30 to 40 dB. The results of the current study are consistent with these earlier findings in that they also reveal an increase in threshold ILDs by a factor of 2 when the overall level is reduced over a similar range of 45 dB.…”

Section: Summary Of Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of overall level on sensitivity to interaural differences of time and level at high frequencies

Dietz

Bernstein

Trahiotis

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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For high-frequency complex stimuli, detection thresholds for envelope-based interaural time differences (ITDs) decrease with overall level. Substantial heterogeneity is, however, evident among the findings concerning the rate at which thresholds decline with level. This study investigated factors affecting the influence of overall level on threshold ITDs. Thresholds were measured as a function of overall level for 4-kHz-centered "targets" in three experiments focusing, respectively, on stimulus-type (sinusoidally amplitude-modulated or "transposed" tones), modulation frequency, and details concerning low-pass noise used to mask low-frequency distortion products. Results indicated that (1) log-ITD thresholds decreased linearly with overall level; (2) slopes relating log-ITD thresholds to level did not depend significantly on stimulus type; (3) lower modulation frequencies produced greater dependencies of thresholds on overall level than did higher modulation frequencies; (4) the effect of overall level on threshold-ITDs was independent of the interaural configuration and levels of the low-pass noise maskers tested; (5) synchronously gating the low-pass noise and target produced a greater dependency of thresholds on the overall level of the target than did continuous or temporally "fringed" presentation of the noise. A fourth experiment showed that threshold interaural level differences were somewhat less affected by changes in overall level than were threshold ITDs.

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Section: Summary Of Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of overall level on sensitivity to interaural differences of time and level at high frequencies

Dietz

Bernstein

Trahiotis

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The Psychophysics and Physiology of the Lateralization of Transient Stimuli

Babkoff

1982

Contributions to Sensory Physiology

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Different patterns of human discrimination learning for two interaural cues to sound-source location

Wright

Fitzgerald²

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

144

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Two of the primary cues used to localize the sources of sounds are interaural level differences (ILDs) and interaural time differences (ITDs). We conducted two experiments to explore how practice affects the human discrimination of values of ILDs and ongoing ITDs presented over headphones. We measured discrimination thresholds of 13 to 32 naive listeners in a variety of conditions during a pretest and again, 2 weeks later, during a posttest. Between those two tests, we trained a subset of listeners 1 h per day for 9 days on a single ILD or ITD condition. Listeners improved on both ILD and ITD discrimination. Improvement was initially rapid for both cue types and appeared to generalize broadly across conditions, indicating conceptual or procedural learning. A subsequent slower-improvement stage, which occurred solely for the ILD cue, only affected conditions with the trained stimulus frequency, suggesting that stimulus processing had fundamentally changed. These different learning patterns indicate that practice affects the attention to, or low-level encoding of, ILDs and ITDs at sites at which the two cue types are processed separately. Thus, these data reveal differences in the effect of practice on ILD and ITD discrimination, and provide insight into the encoding of these two cues to sound-source location in humans.A listener who determines the position of a singing bird concealed among tree leaves, a jet passing overhead hidden by clouds, or a car approaching from behind, does so by using several auditory cues to the location of sound sources. Here we report the results of two investigations into how practice influences the ability of human listeners to discriminate small differences in each of two of these cues, interaural level differences (ILDs) and interaural time differences (ITDs).In humans, the horizontal location, or azimuth, of sound sources is computed from differences in the information that arrives at the two ears. At frequencies above about 1.5 kHz, listeners determine sound azimuth primarily from sensitivity to differences in sound level at the two ears. These interaural level differences occur because the head forms a sound barrier between the two ears, so sounds are attenuated at the ear farthest from the source relative to the ear nearest to the source (1, 2). At frequencies below about 1.5 kHz, listeners determine sound azimuth primarily from sensitivity to differences in the arrival time of the sound at the two ears. These interaural time differences arise because there is distance between the two ears, so sounds reach the ear nearest to the sound source first and the other ear later (1, 2). For sound durations greater than about 150 ms, listeners are far more sensitive to differences at the two ears in the ongoing fine time structure of the sound than in the onset time of the sound (3, 4). These ongoing time differences are equivalent to interaural phase differences (IPDs) for tonal stimuli, but will be referred to as ITDs in this paper.There have been many investigations into whether huma...

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Interaural Intensity Difference Limen

Abstract: Sound-field presentation of an acoustic stimulus which is diotic for time, intensity, and spectrum ..

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of overall level on sensitivity to interaural differences of time and level at high frequencies

The effect of overall level on sensitivity to interaural differences of time and level at high frequencies

The Psychophysics and Physiology of the Lateralization of Transient Stimuli

Different patterns of human discrimination learning for two interaural cues to sound-source location

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