Interannual variation patterns of total ozone and lower stratospheric temperature in observations and model simulations

Steinbrecht, Wolfgang; Haßler, Birgit; Brühl, Christoph; Dameris, Martin; Giorgetta, Marco; Grewe, Volker; Manzini, Elisa; Matthes, Sigrun; Schnadt, C.; Steil, B.; Winkler, P.

doi:10.5194/acp-6-349-2006

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Linear regressions showed that the mean amplitude of the QBO signal is about 2-4% of the mean column ozone (WMO, 1999). The ENSO is also known to influence column ozone (Shiotani et al, 1992;Randel et al, 1994;Steinbrecht et al, 2006). However, unlike the QBO, the effects of ENSO on column ozone are mostly visible in the zonal distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

Poulain

Bekki

Marchand

et al. 2016

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

Poulain

Bekki

Marchand

et al. 2016

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…But some of these differences may again be due to deficiencies in the ERA-40 (Punge and Giorgetta, 2007). For an analysis of the temperature QBO in the nudged version of MAECHAM4-CHEM in comparison to observations we refer to Steinbrecht et al (2006). They evaluated a model experiment that is almost identical to the QBO experiment in this study, except for its duration of 40 years.…”

Section: Model and Comparison To Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modulation of the ozone column in our model was investigated by Steinbrecht et al (2006). In this article, the vertical distribution of ozone is of particular interest.…”

Section: Model and Comparison To Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Net effect of the QBO in a chemistry climate model

Punge

Giorgetta

2008

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of zonal wind is a prominent mode of variability in the tropical stratosphere. It affects not only the meridional circulation and temperature over a wide latitude range but also the transport and chemistry of trace gases such as ozone. Compared to a QBO less circulation, the long-term climatological means of these quantities are also different. These climatological net effects of the QBO can be studied in general circulation models that extend into the middle atmosphere and have a chemistry and transport component, so-called Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs). In this work we show that the CCM MAECHAM4-CHEM can reproduce the observed QBO variations in temperature and ozone mole fractions when nudged towards observed winds. In particular, it is shown that the QBO signal in transport of nitrogen oxides NO x plays an important role in reproducing the observed ozone QBO, which features a phase reversal slightly below the level of maximum of the ozone mole fraction in the tropics. We then compare two 20-year experiments with the MAECHAM4-CHEM model that differ by including or not including the QBO. The mean wind fields differ between the two model runs, especially during summer and fall seasons in both hemispheres. The differences in the wind field lead to differences in the meridional circulation, by the same mechanism that causes the QBO's secondary meridional circulation, and thereby affect mean temperatures and the mean transport of tracers. In the tropics, the net effect on ozone is mostly due to net differences in upwelling and, higher up, the associated temperature change. We show that a net surplus of up to 15% in NO x in the tropics above 10 hPa in the experiment that includes the QBO does not lead to significantly different volume mixing ratios of ozone. We also note a slight increase in the southern vortex strength as well as earlier vortex formation in northern Correspondence to: H. J. Punge (heinzjuergen.punge@zmaw.de) winter. Polar temperatures differ accordingly. Differences in the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and in further trace gas concentrations are analysed. Our findings underline the importance of a representation of the QBO in CCMs.

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“…Much of the interannual variability in ozone can be explained by external forcings like the QBO and the solar cycle (e.g. Steinbrecht et al, 2006). The co-variability of the time series of the two simulations, as measured by the correlation coefficient, gives a measure of how deterministic the system is, i.e.…”

Section: Temperature and Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prescribed SSTs on climatologies and long-term trends in CCM simulations

2009

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Abstract. Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) simulations are commonly used to project the past and future development of the dynamics and chemistry of the stratosphere, and in particular the ozone layer. So far, CCMs are usually not interactively coupled to an ocean model, so that sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice coverage are prescribed in the simulations. While for future integrations SSTs have to be taken from precalculated climate model projections, for CCM experiments resembling the past either modelled or observed SSTs can be used. This study addresses the question to which extent atmospheric climatologies and long-term trends for the recent past simulated in the CCM E39C-A differ when choosing either observed or modelled SSTs. Furthermore, the processes of how the SST signal is communicated to the atmosphere, and in particular to the stratosphere are examined. Two simulations that differ only with respect to the prescribed SSTs and that span years 1960 to 1999 are used.Significant differences in temperature and ozone climatologies between the model simulations are found. The differences in ozone are attributed to differences in the meridional circulation, which are in turn driven by weaker wave forcing in the simulation with generally lower SSTs. The long-term trends over 40 years in annual mean temperature and ozone differ only in the troposphere, where temperatures are directly influenced by the local SST trends. Differences in temperature and ozone trends are only found on shorter time scales. The trends in tropical upwelling, as a measure of the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), differ strongly between the simulations. A reverse from negative to positive trends is found in the late 1970s in the simulation using observed SSTs while trends are positive throughout the Correspondence to: H. Garny (hella.garny@dlr.de) simulation when using modelled SSTs. The increase in the BDC is a robust feature of the simulations only after about 1980 and is evident mainly in the tropics in the lower stratosphere.

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Interannual variation patterns of total ozone and lower stratospheric temperature in observations and model simulations

Abstract: Abstract.We report results from a multiple linear regres-

Cited by 47 publications

References 57 publications

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

Net effect of the QBO in a chemistry climate model

Impact of prescribed SSTs on climatologies and long-term trends in CCM simulations

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