Interannual variability of phyto-bacterioplankton biomass and production in coastal and offshore waters of the Baltic Sea

Legrand, Catherine; Fridolfsson, Emil; Bertos‐Fortis, Mireia; Lindehoff, Elin; Larsson, Per; Pinhassi, Jarone; Andersson, Agneta

doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0662-8

Cited by 48 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, measurements of BGase do not represent a complete picture of the broad and variable spectrum of polysaccharide hydrolases present in the ocean (Arnosti, 2011). There was a tendency for higher EEA rates (and BGase : LAPase ratio) in 2013 as compared to 2012, likely explained by the reported interannual variability of phytoplankton communities linked to environmental conditions in the Baltic Sea (Kahru and Elmgren, 2014;Legrand et al, 2015), since different phytoplankton groups can release diverse types of organic carbon compounds, which would likely select for different bacterioplankton groups/enzymes (Arrieta and Herndl, 2002;Pinhassi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell-free extracellular enzymatic activity is linked to seasonal temperature changes: a case study in the Baltic Sea

2016

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Abstract. Extracellular enzymatic activities (EEAs) are a crucial step in the degradation of organic matter. Dissolved (cell-free) extracellular enzymes in seawater can make up a significant contribution of the bulk EEA. However, the factors controlling the proportion of dissolved EEA in the marine environment remain unknown. Here we studied the seasonal changes in the proportion of dissolved relative to total EEA (of alkaline phosphatase (APase), β-glucosidase (BGase), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAPase)), in the Baltic Sea for 18 months. The proportion of dissolved EEA ranged between 37 and 100, 0 and 100, and 34 and 100 % for APase, BGase, and LAPase, respectively. A consistent seasonal pattern in the proportion of dissolved EEA was found among all the studied enzymes, with values up to 100 % during winter and < 40 % during summer. A significant negative relation was found between the proportion of dissolved EEA and temperature, indicating that temperature might be a critical factor controlling the proportion of dissolved relative to total EEA in marine environments. Our results suggest a strong decoupling of hydrolysis rates from microbial dynamics in cold waters. This implies that under cold conditions, cell-free enzymes can contribute to substrate availability at large distances from the producing cell, increasing the dissociation between the hydrolysis of organic compounds and the actual microbes producing the enzymes. This might also suggest a potential effect of global warming on the hydrolysis of organic matter via a reduction of the contribution of cell-free enzymes to the bulk hydrolytic activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cell-free extracellular enzymatic activity is linked to seasonal temperature changes: a case study in the Baltic Sea

2016

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“…We used samples collected from monthly transects during April to October 2011 along a 100-km transect off the east coast of Sweden in the western Gotland Sea of the Baltic Sea Proper (for a detailed description of the study area and environmental conditions, see Diaz-Gil et al, 2014; Legrand et al, 2015; Bertos-Fortis et al, 2016). In brief, unfiltered natural seawater was collected in acid washed Milli-Q rinsed polycarbonate bottles, at discrete depths (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 m) that were pooled and filtered shipboard on to 47 mm 0.2 μm Supor filters (Pall corporation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total 13 stations were sampled from April to October, a total 63 samples analyzed, representing seasonal variation of coastal and open ocean sites. Samples for measuring Chlorophyll a (Chl a ) concentration were collected according to Jespersen and Christoffersen (1987), and dissolved inorganic nutrients (NH 4 + , NO 3 - , PO 4 3- , and SiO 2 ) were analyzed following the method of Valderrama (1995; for details on sampling abiotic factors, see Legrand et al, 2015; Bertos-Fortis et al, 2016). Sampling collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and amplicon processing is detailed in Bertos-Fortis et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our aim was to examine assembly processes for structuring bacterioplankton community composition and biogeography using samples collected from monthly transects during April to October 2011 along a 100-km transect off the east coast of Sweden in the western Gotland Sea of the Baltic Sea Proper (Diaz-Gil et al, 2014; Legrand et al, 2015; Bertos-Fortis et al, 2016). Using 16S rRNA gene fragments we investigated (i) phylogenetic relatedness over time, (ii) differences in community assembly mechanisms over time, and between taxa, and (iii) how niche breadth influenced community assembly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local Environmental Conditions Shape Generalist But Not Specialist Components of Microbial Metacommunities in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2016

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Marine microbes exhibit biogeographical patterns linked with fluxes of matter and energy. Yet, knowledge of the mechanisms shaping bacterioplankton community assembly across temporal scales remains poor. We examined bacterioplankton 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from Baltic Sea transects to determine phylogenetic relatedness and assembly processes coupled with niche breadth. Communities were phylogenetically more related over time than expected by chance, albeit with considerable temporal variation. Hence, habitat filtering, i.e., local environmental conditions, rather than competition structured bacterioplankton communities in summer but not in spring or autumn. Species sorting (SS) was the dominant assembly process, but temporal and taxonomical variation in mechanisms was observed. For May communities, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria exhibited SS while Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were assembled by SS and mass effect. Concomitantly, Gammaproteobacteria were assembled by the neutral model and patch dynamics. Temporal variation in habitat filtering and dispersal highlights the impact of seasonally driven reorganization of microbial communities. Typically abundant Baltic Sea populations such as the NS3a marine group (Bacteroidetes) and the SAR86 and SAR11 clade had the highest niche breadth. The verrucomicrobial Spartobacteria population also exhibited high niche breadth. Surprisingly, variation in bacterioplankton community composition was regulated by environmental factors for generalist taxa but not specialists. Our results suggest that generalists such as NS3a, SAR86, and SAR11 are reorganized to a greater extent by changes in the environment compared to specialists and contribute more strongly to determining overall biogeographical patterns of marine bacterial communities.

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“…Productivity of microalgae is related to the availability of CO 2 in the growth environment and the 12-15% CO 2 in the cement flue gas in this study fits the requirements for growth and the CO 2 tolerance of brackish microalgae. Green algae and diatoms dominate the natural microalgal community in the Baltic Sea during spring and early summer [50,51]. Both in marine and freshwater, these two algal groups have a broad CO 2 tolerance (14-40%) while optimal CO 2 for growth is 10-15% [52,53].…”

Section: Potential For Using Flue Gas For Algal Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baltic Sea microalgae transform cement flue gas into valuable biomass

et al. 2015

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We show high feasibility of using cement industrial flue gas as CO 2 source for microalgal cultivation. The toxicity of cement flue gas (12-15% CO 2 ) on algal biomass production and composition (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) was tested using monocultures (Tetraselmis sp., green algae, Skeletonema marinoi, diatom) and natural brackish communities. The performance of a natural microalgal community dominated by spring diatoms was compared to a highly productive diatom monoculture S. marinoi fed with flue gas or air-CO 2 mixture. Flue gas was not toxic to any of the microalgae tested. Instead we show high quality of microalgal biomass (lipids 20-30% DW, proteins 20-28% DW, carbohydrates 15-30% DW) and high production when cultivated with flue gas addition compared to CO 2 -air. Brackish Baltic Sea microalgal communities performed equally or better in terms of biomass quality and production than documented monocultures of diatom and green algae, often used in algal research and development. Hence, we conclude that microalgae should be included in biological solutions to transform waste into renewable resources in coastal waters.

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Interannual variability of phyto-bacterioplankton biomass and production in coastal and offshore waters of the Baltic Sea

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Cell-free extracellular enzymatic activity is linked to seasonal temperature changes: a case study in the Baltic Sea

Cell-free extracellular enzymatic activity is linked to seasonal temperature changes: a case study in the Baltic Sea

Local Environmental Conditions Shape Generalist But Not Specialist Components of Microbial Metacommunities in the Baltic Sea

Baltic Sea microalgae transform cement flue gas into valuable biomass

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