Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Microphysics‐Chemistry Simulations of the 1991 Pinatubo Volcanic Aerosols With Newly Coupled Sectional Aerosol and Stratosphere‐Troposphere Chemistry Modules in the NASA GEOS Chemistry‐Climate Model (CCM)

Case, P. A.; Colarco, Peter R.; Toon, B.; Aquila, Valentina; Keller, Christoph A.

doi:10.1029/2022ms003147

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For a complete description of GEOS‐Chem, CARMA, radiative calculations, and the coupling of the GEOS model, see Case et al. (2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating the Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols From the 1991 Eruption of Cerro Hudson and Their Impact on the 1991 Ozone Hole

Case,

Colarco,

Toon

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Chilean volcano Cerro Hudson erupted between August 8th and 15th, 1991, injecting between 1.7 and 2.9 Tg of SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We simulate this injection using the Goddard Earth Observing System Earth system model with detailed sulfur chemistry and sectional aerosol microphysics, focusing on the resulting aerosols and their contribution to the 1991 Antarctic Austral Springtime ozone hole. The simulations show a column ozone deficit (12 DU) in the Southern Hemisphere vortex collar region. The majority of this effect is between 10 and 20 km and due to heterogeneous chemistry. The model shows a 26% decrease in ozone from background levels at these altitudes, compared with in‐situ observations of a 50% decrease. Above 20 km, the dynamical response to the eruption also causes lower ozone values, a novel modeling result. This experiment highlights potential interactions between proposed solar radiation management geoengineering aerosols and volcanic eruptions.

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“…For a complete description of GEOS‐Chem, CARMA, radiative calculations, and the coupling of the GEOS model, see Case et al. (2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use Pinatubo injection parameters similar to those in Mills et al (2017): we inject 10 Tg SO 2 over 25 hr on 15 June 1991, uniformly mixed from 18 to 21 km altitude between 0°and 15°N over a 1-degree wide longitude region centered at 120°E. This configuration is identical to the simulations presented and validated in Case et al (2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols From the 1991 Eruption of Cerro Hudson and Their Impact on the 1991 Ozone Hole

Case,

Colarco,

Toon

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Repeating our experiments with more comprehensive microphysical routines would be valuable for evaluating how and if our presented climate responses are altered by evolving aerosol microphysics. In an initial step toward this goal, we began a 15 Gt-scale simulation using the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) sectional aerosol microphysics module (see Case et al, 2023 for a discussion of integrating CARMA with GEOSCCM). CARMA was not coupled to the model's radiation subroutines in this experimental design.…”

Section: Sensitivity To Sulfate Aerosol Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Surface Warming Regime for Volcanic Super‐Eruptions Through Stratospheric Water Vapor Increases

Guzewich,

Oman,

Colarco

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Large volcanic eruptions are known to influence the climate through a variety of mechanisms including aerosol‐forced cooling and warming via emitted CO2. The January 2022 Hunga shallow underwater eruption caused an increase in stratospheric water vapor, and demonstrated how the associated positive radiative forcing can be an important component of an eruption's climate forcing. We present interactive stratospheric aerosol model simulations of super‐volcanic eruptions with a range of SO2 emissions that can produce climate warming through feedback effects produced by a large igneous province (or “flood basalt”) mid‐latitude super‐eruption using Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model climate model simulations. The model experiments suggest total SO2 emissions ≳4,000 Tg/4 Gt generate a multi‐year period of sustained aerosol absorptive local‐heating of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and hence produce net climate warming after strong initial cooling. The eruptions produce stratospheric water vapor increases of factors of 8–600. The initiation of these feedbacks within the simulations suggest they could occur for individual stratovolcano eruptions of the scale of the Toba or Tambora eruptions. We note the sensitivity of our results to volcanic sulfate aerosol microphysics and model chemistry.

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Benchmarking GOCART-2G in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)

Collow,

Colarco,

da Silva

et al. 2024

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. The Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model, which controls the sources, sinks, and chemistry of aerosols within the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS), recently underwent a major refactoring and update, including a revision of the emissions datasets and the addition of brown carbon. A 4-year benchmark simulation utilizing the new version of the model code, termed GOCART Second Generation (GOCART-2G) and coupled to the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model, was evaluated using in situ and spaceborne measurements to develop a baseline and prioritize future development. A comparison of simulated aerosol optical depth between GOCART-2G and MODIS retrievals indicates the model captures the overall spatial pattern and seasonal cycle of aerosol optical depth but overestimates aerosol extinction over dusty regions and underestimates aerosol extinction over Northern Hemisphere boreal forests, requiring further investigation and tuning of emissions. This MODIS-based analysis is corroborated by comparisons to MISR and selected AERONET stations; however, discrepancies between the Aqua and Terra satellites indicate there is a diurnal component to biases in aerosol optical depth over southern Asia and northern Africa. Despite the underestimate of aerosol optical depth in biomass burning regions in GEOS, there is an overestimate in the surface mass of organic carbon in the United States, especially during the summer months. Over Europe, GOCART-2G is unable to match the summertime peak in aerosol optical depth, opposing the observed late fall and early spring peaks in surface mass concentration. A comparison of the vertical profile of attenuated backscatter to observations from CALIPSO indicates the GEOS model is capable of capturing the vertical profile of aerosol; however, the mid-troposphere plumes of dust in the North Atlantic and smoke in the southeastern Atlantic are perhaps too low in altitude. The results presented highlight priorities for future development with GOCART-2G, including improvements for dust, biomass burning aerosols, and anthropogenic aerosols.

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Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Microphysics‐Chemistry Simulations of the 1991 Pinatubo Volcanic Aerosols With Newly Coupled Sectional Aerosol and Stratosphere‐Troposphere Chemistry Modules in the NASA GEOS Chemistry‐Climate Model (CCM)

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Simulating the Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols From the 1991 Eruption of Cerro Hudson and Their Impact on the 1991 Ozone Hole

Simulating the Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols From the 1991 Eruption of Cerro Hudson and Their Impact on the 1991 Ozone Hole

A Potential Surface Warming Regime for Volcanic Super‐Eruptions Through Stratospheric Water Vapor Increases

Benchmarking GOCART-2G in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)

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