Interactive seismic mapping of net producible gas sand in the Gulf of Mexico

Brown, Alistair R.; Wright, Roger M.; Burkart, Keith D.; Abriel, William L.

doi:10.1190/1.1441698

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Direct calibration can only be applied to fully resolved, above tuning reservoir layers, commonly associated with thick single-loop events or by multiple reflections. Several approaches addressing the tuning effect in seismic reservoir characterization have been proposed and discussed by, among others, Brown et al (1984), Neff (1990aNeff ( , 1990b, Connolly (2007) and Simm (2009). In this case study, we describe the application of a technique proposed by Fervari and Luoni (2006) and already implemented in other similar settings and Amato et al, 2009).…”

Section: Seismic Thin Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating The Geophysical Characterization Of Seismic Thin Beds With Stochastic Reservoir Modeling: A Case Study From The Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Cavanna

Caselgrandi

Corti³

et al. 2011

All Days

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435 In exploration plays driven by DHI, seismic thin beds are common targets. When resolution capabilities are comparable to isochrones of remarkable elastic contrasts, reflections tend to fall around tuning thickness, where interference phenomena prevent a correct calibration of amplitudes to reservoir properties. If a de-tuning step is not applied in seismic characterization, wrong estimation of reservoir properties and pay thickness may lead to inaccurate volumetrics and misleading geologic models. These issues were faced in the characterization of a Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia) discovery, where gas sands, acoustically marked by lower P-impedance than bounding shales, respond as bright, single-loop reflections (i.e. seismic thin beds). In order to support appraisal and reservoir modeling activities, our seismic characterization approach combined the following steps: a) Statistical tuning charts realization by extracting reservoir isochron and amplitude; b) Investigation of petro-elastic relations through rock physics modeling; c) Definition of deterministic tuning curves by generating a family of pseudo-reservoir responses via forward seismic modeling and d) De-tuned calibration of amplitude -isochron pairs to Porosity*Thickness (PT) and Net Pay. Appraisal wells confirmed the reliability of this approach but also revealed how other uncertainties may impact reservoir quality predictions. For this reason, PT realizations were only used as "soft" information in the reservoir model, built through a Sequential Indicator Simulation of sedimentological facies recognized in cores. Assuming a link between seismic porosity and facies, normalized porosity maps derived from PT estimates were used to condition the horizontal facies distributions and define a seismic-consistent variography. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the approach and final results appear consistent with the de-tuned PT predictions. In a field where seismic thin beds affected by tuning represent the key geophysical issue to address, the applied workflow ensured the link between geophysics and geological modeling, from assessment of gas in-place to dynamic simulation.

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Section: Seismic Thin Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating The Geophysical Characterization Of Seismic Thin Beds With Stochastic Reservoir Modeling: A Case Study From The Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Cavanna

Caselgrandi

Corti³

et al. 2011

All Days

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“…The net gas map resulting from the more sophisticated sequence is presumably the more accurate; however, the well control available is not sufficiently accurate or extensive to prove those. We believe that the simplistic method used by Brown et al (1984) gave an adequate evaluation of net gas sand thickness in this area with a total reservoir volume that was perhaps 4% high.…”

Section: Amplitude Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6. Net &A band raupach map for part of thc Cppcr Sand using simplistic amplitude editing approach described by Brown et al (1984). this paper.…”

Section: Mapping Of Net Gas S a N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…this paper. Brown et al (1984) described a simple, hut effective approach which we will consider a base case for comparison. They assumed an approximately uniform gross isochron gradient around the perimeter of the reservoir.…”

Section: Mapping Of Net Gas S a N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the sands are laterally variable in thickness and effectiveness. Brown, Wright, Burkart and Abriel (1984) have devised a method of mapping the spatial distribution of net producible gas sand. They used zero-phase 3-D seismic data, interpreting and manipulating the times and amplitudes on an interactive interpretation system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning Effects, Lithological Effects and Depositional Effects in the Seismic Response of Gas Reservoirs*

Brown¹,

Wright

Burkart³

et al. 1986

Geophysical Prospecting

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Synergism of 3-D seismic data, wavelet processing, colour display and interactive interpretation has been exploited in the study of a Gulf of Mexico gas reservoir. Seismic amplitude has been used as a measure of the proportion of a sand/shale reservoir capable of producing gas. This has led to the mapping of net producible thickness of gas sand. The tuning phenomena resulting from geometric effects alone were studied in detail, and tuning curves of various levels of sophistication were used as the basis for amplitude editing. Statistical tuning curves were derived by interactive cross-plotting and deterministic curves by wavelet extraction. Multiple wavelet side lobes cause multiple maxima in the tuning curve. Depositional effects and intrareservoir communication have also been studied by interactive cross-plotting.

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Fifty years of case histories

Kettle¹

1985

GEOPHYSICS

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Fifty years of case histories naturally reflect different and ever‐changing technology, but the underlying theme remains unchanged: to show that careful surface measurements can reveal physical properties of the subsurface. Finding a salt dome with a torsion balance in the 1920s and defining reservoir properties with shear waves in the 1980s involve different techniques, but in both the physical properties of the rocks are interpreted from geophysical measurements to solve geologic problems. Most early case histories attempted to establish the validity of geophysical tools; an example would be attempting to show the usefulness of refraction fan shooting by comparing its results with drill hole information. Later tools would in turn be compared with established tools. Reflection seismic interpretations were compared with torsion balance and refraction fan shooting results. As the science of geophysics became more accepted, case histories focused on more detailed aspects of technology and on discovery of subtle traps. Early papers dwelt at length on the application of geophysics to large features and on comparison of results with drill information. Later case histories continued to use geologic information to test geophysical interpretation, but they emphasized the subtle and hidden aspects rather than the obvious. The most recent case histories seldom deal with large structures. Instead they demonstrate the source wavelet required to resolve a stratigraphic trap or the effect that changing the reservoir fluid has on the reflection character so that hydrocarbons can be identified, or inferred, directly from the seismic data. Geophysical exploration has evolved and case histories reflect that evolution.

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Interactive seismic mapping of net producible gas sand in the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Integrating The Geophysical Characterization Of Seismic Thin Beds With Stochastic Reservoir Modeling: A Case Study From The Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Integrating The Geophysical Characterization Of Seismic Thin Beds With Stochastic Reservoir Modeling: A Case Study From The Kutei Basin (Offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Tuning Effects, Lithological Effects and Depositional Effects in the Seismic Response of Gas Reservoirs*

Fifty years of case histories

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