Interactive Relationship between Silver Ions and Silver Nanoparticles with PVA Prepared by the Submerged Arc Discharge Method

Abstract

This study uses the submerged arc discharge method (SADM) and the concentrated energy of arc to melt silver metal in deionized water (DW) so as to prepare metal fluid with nanoparticles and submicron particles. The process is free from any chemical agent; it is rapid and simple, and rapid and mass production is available (0.5 L/min). Aside from the silver nanoparticle (Ag0), silver ions (Ag+) exist in the colloidal Ag prepared by the system. In the preparation of colloidal Ag, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as an additive so that the Ag0/Ag+ concentration, arcing rate, peak, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images in the cases with and without PVA can be analyzed. The findings show that the Ag0/Ag+ concentration increases with the addition level of PVA, while the nano-Ag and Ag+ electrode arcing rate rises. The UV-Vis absorption peak increases Ag0 absorbance and shifts as the dispersity increases with PVA addition. Lastly, with PVA addition, the proposed method can prepare smaller and more amounts of Ag0 nanoparticles, distributed uniformly. PVA possesses many distinct features such as cladding, dispersion, and stability.

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

“…Tien et al [227] synthesized AgNPs from 5 to 45 nm using the same method. In more recent works by Tseng et al [132,133], AgNPs were produced using a microelectrical discharge machining system and by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the capping agent. They obtained AgNPs with a diameter of 50-100 nm when PVA was not used, and a diameter in the range of 25-75 nm when PVA was used [132].…”

“…In more recent works by Tseng et al [132,133], AgNPs were produced using a microelectrical discharge machining system and by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the capping agent. They obtained AgNPs with a diameter of 50-100 nm when PVA was not used, and a diameter in the range of 25-75 nm when PVA was used [132]. The arc discharge method is advantageous in terms of the simplicity of the apparatus and equipment, low impurity due to the mere use of water, and fewer production steps [129].…”

“…In addition, this process can reach high NP synthesis rates in a short time [129,131]. However, the size distribution is large [129,132,133], and the NPs produced have a fairly large size distribution compared to NPs produced by chemical methods.…”

“…The first approach consists of a set of techniques also known as "physical" synthesis methods. Several physical methods for top-down synthesis of silver nanostructures including ball milling [105][106][107], laser ablation [108][109][110][111][112], evaporation-condensation [113,114], electromagnetic levitation gas condensation (ELGC) [115], ultrasonication [116][117][118][119], lithography [120,121], spray pyrolysis [122][123][124], radiolysis [125][126][127][128], arc discharge [129][130][131][132][133], and photoirradiation [134][135][136] have been utilized to synthesize various morphologies of silver nanostructures with varied size and size distribution. The physical synthesis method is primarily used for large-scale production in a short amount of time [137].…”

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Low Concentration PVP-Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric

“…Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced during DBD plasma treatment in air can also have antimicrobial action [19]. Plasma-assisted deposition of AgNPs also includes the formation of micro-roughness, which can enhance the adhesion and washing fastness of AgNPs [20].…”