“…In the USA, early spatial form of sprawl occurred after World War II because the perception of the new suburb is safer, more desirable and cheaper than urban alternatives (Benites-Gambirazio, 2017;Franklin & Plane, 2019;Dibble et al, 2019). In Asia, most recently China and India are experiencing the largest and most rapid urban sprawl because of their enormous economic transformation (You, 2016;Lv et al, 2016;Du, 2017;Zhang & Xie, 2019;Shao et al, 2020). Thus, urban sprawl has been conceptualized in a multidimensional way, instigated by different values, driven by different forces, shaped by different characteristics, but sharing similar consequences to sustainable social, economic, political and environmental development.…”