This article assesses online newspapers in Europe from a media evolutionary perspective, ten years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. Comparing print and online front pages of 51 newspapers in 14 countries in 2003, we argue that online newspapers complement print newspapers in modest ways. Online, publishers put more emphasis on service information, offer additional news items, that nonetheless report on similar topics in similar ways, and add personal interactivity, content selectivity and realtime news to the print news offering.One subset of online newspapers charges for services, and offers more content and personal interactivity. Another, partly overlapping subset offers more original news; in a short and anonymous format. Overall, however, online newspapers in Europe make up a heterogeneous group, suggesting that online newspapers still have to find their definite form and role in the European news market.
Keywords: media evolution, online newspapers, print newspapers, Europe
Online newspapers in EuropeThe development of online newspapers is a major, yet unfinished experiment in innovation in the newspaper industry. It has caught the imagination and attention of scholars and experts, who advanced enthusiastic views of how the Internet could improve the provision of news and debate in society, as well as gloomy predictions of how print newspapers and traditional newspaper publishers would become obsolete. At a more concrete level, the development of online newspapers is a continuous search for ways to use Internet technology to improve existing practices of news production and consumption. Communications 33 (2008) Richard van der Wurff, et. al. This paper assesses how newspaper publishers and editors have dealt with these challenges. Our focus is on serious European newspapers in 2003, ten years after the introduction of the World Wide Web. Our approach is media-evolutionary and comparative. We investigate how publishers position online newspapers on the intermedia news market in relation to print newspapers. Our guiding hypothesis is that new media initiate a media evolutionary process in which old and new media alike are forced to adapt to each other and find new and different niches (Dimmick and Rothenbuhler, 1984;Lehman-Wilzig and Cohen-Avigdor, 2004). What particular niches old and new media, and in our case, print and online newspapers, eventually occupy is a question for empirical research. Beginning to address this question, we investigate in this paper to what extent print and online newspapers offer the same or different types of editorial and non-editorial content and services.Building on previous studies that investigated online newspapers in individual countries in the late 1990s, this study describes in detail the front pages of 51 print and online newspapers in 14 European countries in 2003. We compare the types of content and editorial information offered in print and online newspapers and assess so-called Internet features. We attempt to construct a typology of onlin...