Interactive memory systems in the human brain

Poldrack, Russell A.; Clark, Jill; Paré‐Blagoev, E. Juliana; Shohamy, Daphna; Moyano, J. Creso; Myers, Catherine E.; Gluck, Mark A.

doi:10.1038/35107080

Cited by 1,001 publications

(974 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

121

Mentioning

833

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Posterior LIPC computations appear to play a central role in the building of novel phonological representations, illustrating the contributions of phonological control during word learning. These outcomes add to a growing literature pointing to interactions between multiple forms of memory [31,52], specifically highlighting a relation between cognitive control or working memory processes and episodic memory formation [7,16,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel word learning is central to the flexibility inherent in the human language capacity. Word learning may partially depend on long-term memory formation during the assembly of phonological representations from orthographic inputs. In the present study, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examined the contributions of phonological control-a component of the verbal working memory system-to phonological assembly and word learning. Subjects were scanned while making syllable decisions about visually presented familiar (English) and novel (pseudo-English and Foreign) words, a task that required retrieval and analysis of existing phonological codes or the assembly and analysis of novel representations. Results revealed that left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPC) and bilateral parietal cortices were differentially engaged during the processing of novel words, suggesting that this circuit is recruited during phonological assembly. A subsequent memory analysis that examined the relation between fMRI signal and the subject's ability to later remember the words (a measure of effective memory formation) revealed that the magnitude of activation in LIPC, bilateral superior parietal, and left inferior parietal cortices was positively correlated with later memory. Moreover, although the magnitude of the subsequent memory effect in parietal cortex was not significantly affected by word type, this effect was greater in posterior LIPC for novel (pseudo-English) than for familiar (English) words. In the course of subserving the assembly of novel word representations, the phonological (articulatory) control component of the phonological system appears to play a central role in the encoding of novel words into long-term memory.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The striatum serves an essential role in acquiring probabilistic cue-outcome associations in the weather prediction task (Knowlton et al, 1996;Poldrack et al, 2001) as well as other choice tasks that involve learning from reinforcement (Daw and Doya, 2006;Delgado et al, 2000;O'Doherty et al, 2003;Schultz, 1998;Schultz et al, 1997). Stress, induced by a socially evaluated cold pressor test, has been shown to trigger increased engagement of striatum-dependent implicit learning and impair the use of the hippocampus-dependent declarative system during probabilistic classification learning (Schwabe and Wolf, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probabilistic inference has been studied extensively through variants of the weather prediction task (Gluck and Bower, 1988;Knowlton et al, 1994), where acquiring probabilistic cue-outcome relationship through feedback has been shown to be associated with activity in the striatum, hippocampus (Knowlton et al, 1996;Poldrack et al, 2001;Shohamy et al, 2004) and parietal cortex (Yang and Shadlen, 2007). In addition, other recent studies of probabilistic decision-making suggest an important role for the frontoparietal attentional control network in mediating learning in a multidimensional decision environment (Niv et al, 2015), and the orbital/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in encoding expected reward, subjective value, outcome predictions, and credit assignment (Akaishi et al, 2016;Levy and Glimcher, 2012;O'Doherty et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic inference under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in decision evidence integration

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TReal-life decision-making often involves combining multiple probabilistic sources of information under finite time and cognitive resources. To mitigate these pressures, people "satisfice", foregoing a full evaluation of all available evidence to focus on a subset of cues that allow for fast and "good-enough" decisions. Although this form of decision-making likely mediates many of our everyday choices, very little is known about the way in which the neural encoding of cue information changes when we satisfice under time pressure. Here, we combined human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a probabilistic classification task to characterize neural substrates of multi-cue decision-making under low (1500 ms) and high (500 ms) time pressure. Using variational Bayesian inference, we analyzed participants' choices to track and quantify cue usage under each experimental condition, which was then applied to model the fMRI data. Under low time pressure, participants performed nearoptimally, appropriately integrating all available cues to guide choices. Both cortical (prefrontal and parietal cortex) and subcortical (hippocampal and striatal) regions encoded individual cue weights, and activity linearly tracked trial-by-trial variations in the amount of evidence and decision uncertainty. Under increased time pressure, participants adaptively shifted to using a satisficing strategy by discounting the least informative cue in their decision process. This strategic change in decision-making was associated with an increased involvement of the dopaminergic midbrain, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum in representing and integrating cue values. We conclude that satisficing the probabilistic inference process under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in the neural drivers of decisions.

show abstract

“…Over time, due to the need for the hippocampus to reuse its limited storage capacity (McClelland et al 1995), these connections are weakened and replaced by cortico-cortical connections, although the memories may not become entirely independent of the hippocampus (Nadel and Moscovitch 1997;Moscovitch and Nadel 1998). In order that external input (Robertson 2009) and internal interactions between different memory systems (Poldrack et al 2001;Brown and Robertson 2007) should not interfere with this process, it has been proposed that it takes place during sleep (Born et al 2006;Walker 2009). Our findings support and extend this, suggesting that this is the case not only for declarative tasks but also procedural tasks in which a transfer from the MTL to the striatum takes place over time (Reiss et al 2005;Rieckmann et al 2010).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-modal transfer of statistical information benefits from sleep

Durrant

Cairney

Lewis

2016

Cortex

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extracting regularities from a sequence of events is essential for understanding our environment. However, there is no consensus regarding the extent to which such regularities can be generalised beyond the modality of learning. One reason for this could be the variation in consolidation intervals used in different paradigms, also including an opportunity to sleep. Using a novel statistical learning paradigm in which structured information is acquired in the auditory domain and tested in the visual domain over either 30min or 24hr consolidation intervals, we show that cross-modal transfer can occur, but this transfer is only seen in the 24hr group. Importantly, the extent of cross-modal transfer is predicted by the amount of SWS obtained. Additionally, cross-modal transfer is associated with the same pattern of decreasing MTL and increasing striatal involvement which has previously been observed to occur across 24 hours in unimodal statistical learning. We also observed enhanced functional connectivity after 24 hours in a network of areas which have been implicated in cross-modal integration including the precuneus and the middle occipital gyrus. Finally, functional connectivity between the striatum and the precuneus was also enhanced, and this strengthening was predicted by SWS. These results demonstrate that statistical learning can generalise to some extent beyond the modality of acquisition, and together with our previously published unimodal results, support the notion that statistical learning is both domain-general and domain-specific.

show abstract

Interactive memory systems in the human brain

Cited by 1,001 publications

References 25 publications

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

Probabilistic inference under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in decision evidence integration

Cross-modal transfer of statistical information benefits from sleep

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About