Interactive institutional design and contextual relevance: Water user groups in Turkey, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan

Mukhtarov, Farhad; Fox, Svenja; Mukhamedova, Nozilakhon; Wegerich, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.10.006

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The results have been diverse, mainly because of lack of farmer empowerment and incentives, lack of redistribution of roles and tasks and poor accountancy of leaders to farmers (Hunt, 1989;Meinzen-Dick, 2007;Molle, 2005;Mukhtarov et al, 2015;Uphoff and Wijayaratna, 2000). In many cases the reach of policy implementation has been to transfer to farmers the task of infrastructure maintenance, and tax collection, reducing operating costs of the public agency but without transferring control over water or conflict solving (Hunt, 1989).…”

Section: Farmer Participation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases the reach of policy implementation has been to transfer to farmers the task of infrastructure maintenance, and tax collection, reducing operating costs of the public agency but without transferring control over water or conflict solving (Hunt, 1989). The initiative to develop legal and policy bases for participation has been framed by persuasive insistence from international agencies and development banks, generally designed with participation of foreign consultants, borrowing general recommendations and sometimes overlooking local specificities (Molle, 2005;Mukhtarov et al, 2015;Thiel et al, 2015). These processes tend to leave state control intact and result in weak enforcement, sometimes paying lip service to mainstream thinking (Molle, 2005).…”

Section: Farmer Participation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collective management of irrigation in eastern Spain. Integration of new technologies and water resources.

Reig¹,

Violeta²

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Vicent Andrés EstellésLes pedres de l'àmfora. Obra completa 2, (1972, p.252), L'Estel, Valencia (Spain) The aim of this thesis is to analyze how farmer-managed systems adapt to the changes related to the integration of new water resources and drip irrigation technologies. This work includes two main parts. The first one focuses on traditional gravity irrigation and the emergence of new water resources. The second one looks at irrigation systems that have been transformed to drip irrigation. All the studies included in this dissertation centre the attention in understanding aspects of collective management. For this reason, special consideration is placed on the perceptions of farmers and managers of Water User Associations by means of semi-structured interviews.Chapters two and three study the operating principles for water management.These principles, when applied by farmers as collective rules, result in interactions that create equity on water rights and transparency. The study area includes the irrigation system of the Huerta of Valencia (Spain). This system, well known internationally, has traditionally used surface water from the Turia River. Though recently, the use of groundwater and treated wastewater have been integrated with surface water. In this context, the analysis evolves around the subject of how the rules, developed for the sharing of surface water, have been adapted for conjunctive use of these new water resources. In addition, attention is also placed on how this process was crucial for the management of the 2005 -2008 drought period.Results show that the operating principles, based in the proportionality and uniformity on irrigation frequency between users, underlie a system of distribution that is equitable, transparent and robust. In addition, the use of drought emergency wells and the reuse of treated wastewater have not resulted in any important conflict. These resources are used together with surface water during drought periods, increasing the guarantee of supply. However, treated wastewater use affects the uniformity on irrigation frequency among Water User Associations. Besides, Groundwater User Associations overlap in irrigated surface, farmers and infrastructure with Water User Associations Chapter five discusses and compares the implications of the previous chapters.Some aspects of irrigation management and governance are assessed in a more detailed manner for the case of gravity irrigation Water Users Associations. In addition, the changes related to the introduction of drip irrigation technologies and new water resources are further compared. The two processes present challenges for irrigation organization. Meanwhile the integration of new water sources has been gradual and does not entail major changes for self-organization, drip irrigation promotes a fundamental institutional change. This change may have a disruptive effect on self-organization if this new community-based drip irrigation does not manage to adapt and include braoder aspects of irrigation management beyond pu...

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Section: Farmer Participation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Farmer Participation and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective management of irrigation in eastern Spain. Integration of new technologies and water resources.

Reig¹,

Violeta²

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“…Barcellini et al (2015) stress that the duration of the process for creating participatory institutions warrants investigation because it can influence performance of mandated functions by young institutions. This focus on process partially stems from the idea that rapidly applying a universal 'blueprint' design may not fully appreciate the important contextual nuances of community water management (Smith 2008;Mukhtarov et al 2015;Thiel et al 2015;Ricks 2016). Longer training periods may foster productive relationships and improved functioning, leading to stronger collective action and more serviceable institutions (Nagrah et al 2016).…”

Section: Review Of Performance Assessment Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these WUAs were created using a longer and more gradual process than others. The recent literature on institutional reform, which has focussed on process, rather than design (Denyer Willis and Mota Prado 2014) suggests that WUAs that have been created through a longer process may be more successful in performing their legally mandated functions than those created with a shorter process (Yap-Salinas 1994; Mukhtarov et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts Assessments without True Baselines: Assessing the Relative Effects of Training on the Performance of Water User Associations in Southern Tajikistan

Balasubramanya

Price

Horbulyk

2018

Water Econs. Policy

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Conducting rigorous evaluations of whether the process of creating new institutions affects their performance of mandated duties presents several challenges. Not only is assignment to process often not random, but when the process of creating new institutions starts, outcomes and other performance-influencing covariates are not measurable because the yet-to-be created institutions are not functioning at baseline. This paper compares the performance of 74 'treated' water user associations (WUAs) in Tajikistan that were created using a longer training process with 67 'control' WUAs that were created using shorter training, to assess the impact of training on WUA performance of mandated duties. First, propensity scores were constructed to estimate the probabilities of being 'treated' by treatment status. These results guided the application of the difference-in-difference technique with right-hand side covariates in a context where field measures of outcomes and other performance-influencing covariates were made after the new institutions were created and functioning. The first measures were taken within 12-18 months of the new institutions being functional and the second measures were taken 24 months after the first. This choice of methods introduces a bias due to measurement error causing an underestimate of the treatment effects, while controlling for biases due to time-invariant and time-varying unobservables. An alternative method that only compared the differences in outcomes at a single point in time after the new institutions were created would have provided an inaccurate estimate of the effects of the intervention. This is a context in which methods such as synthetic controls are ⁄ Corresponding author. This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) License. Further distribution of this work is permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.Water Economics and Policy, (2018) impossible to employ due to the nature of the intervention, other macroeconomic structural changes, and severe data restrictions. The methodology employed here generates evidence that, while biased toward generating an underestimate of effect, can still be useful and informative for policy and management purposes, and for evaluating the impact of process on the functioning of new institutions in transition settings.

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“…One of the most important innovations was the administration set up to oversee the development process of the project, the GAP Regional Development Administration (GAP-RDA). Being itself an embodiment of policy translation as the first and only regional development organization ever set up in Turkey, the GAP-RDA has also become a platform for a number of further projects to be translated into Turkey, such as the centers for women's empowerment and entrepreneurial support and water user associations (GAP-RDA, 2002; Mukhtarov et al, 2015;GAP-RDA, 2002).…”

Section: Political and Ethical Challenges In Applying Ethnography To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Political and ethical aspects in the ethnography of policy translation: Research experiences from Turkey and China

2016

Self Cite

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A currently burgeoning literature in planning and policy studies engages with the travel of policy models across countries and sites through novel concepts such as policy translation, policy mobility, and mutations. Increasingly, this literature calls for ethnographic methods to study the travel of policy models. Such methods require various degrees of researcher's participation in the policy process. As a result, ethnographers become entangled in complex webs of relationships during and after their fieldwork, which introduces political and ethical dimensions to ethnographic fieldwork. The literature on policy mobilities and translation, however, has provided few practical guidelines regarding the politics and ethics of conducting ethnographic research. Based on two vignettes from our research experiences in China and Turkey, we discuss the politics and ethics of applying ethnography to policy translation and offer a number of hints for future researchers.

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Interactive institutional design and contextual relevance: Water user groups in Turkey, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Collective management of irrigation in eastern Spain. Integration of new technologies and water resources.

Collective management of irrigation in eastern Spain. Integration of new technologies and water resources.

Impacts Assessments without True Baselines: Assessing the Relative Effects of Training on the Performance of Water User Associations in Southern Tajikistan

Political and ethical aspects in the ethnography of policy translation: Research experiences from Turkey and China

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