Interactive Impact of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on Root Morphology, Physiological Properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and Soil Enzymatic Activities

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and biochar amendment has been reported to improve the growth of several crop plant; however, their role in stress amelioration individually as well as in combination has not been worked out. Limited information is available about the synergistic use of biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here, we investigated the synergistic effect of biochar and AMF on plant development, root architecture, the physiological performance of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and soil enzymatic activities. Biochar and AMF were shown to have a considerable effect on plant height, according to the data (53.3 and 66.6%, respectively), leaf number (22.5 and 45.1%), total root length (19.8 and 40.1%), root volume (32.1 and 71.4%), chlorophyll a content (26.0 and 17.8%), chlorophyll b content (50.0 and 28.9%), total chlorophyll content (30.0 and 18.1%), and carotenoid content (60.0 and 48.0%) over the control treatment. There was a considerable increase in plant height when biochar and AMF were combined together by 80.9%, total root length by 68.9%, projected area by 48.7%, root surface area by 34.4%, root volume by 78.5%, chlorophyll a content by 34.2%, chlorophyll b content by 68.4%, total chlorophyll content by 44.5%, and carotenoid content by 84.0% compared to the control. Our results recommend that the combination of biochar and AMF is advantageous in fenugreek growth, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities.

Dual Inoculation of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus endophyticus and Funneliformis mosseae Improves Plant Growth and Soil Properties in Ginger

“…Data regarding AMF alone treatment improved plant growth (the number of leaves, length of leaves, and width of leaves). Numerous studies have presented AMF-promoted plant development, plant nutrition, and yield. , Similarly, Kumar reported that AMF improved plant growth parameters in Jatropha curcas L. These results are consistent with the findings obtained by Yamawaki et al who investigated that the application of AMF enhanced plant height, number of leaves, and number of stems in turmeric ( Curcuma longa L) than that in control treatment, respectively. Similar findings were informed by Chen single AMF significantly improved leaf area, plant height and the total biomass in Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey.…”

Biochar: An emerging recipe for designing sustainable horticulture under climate change scenarios

“…For example, Zulfiqar et al (2021b) reported improved growth characteristics (plant height, tiller number, shoot diameter, and leaf number) in an important medicinal plant, A. zerumbet, in response to wheat straw-based BC alone and combined with compost. Jabborova et al (2021a) found that BC application improved plant height, leaf length, leaf number, and leaf width in sweet basil relative to control plants. Wang et al (2019) reported improved plant height, root and shoot dry weights, and root/shoot ratio in apple seedlings in response to different BC doses.…”

“…Likewise, BC and humic acid treatments improved chlorophyll content in calendula ( Calendula officinalis L.) compared to controls ( Karimi et al., 2020 ). In fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ), Jabborova et al. (2021a) reported that BC increased chlorophyll pigments by 30% and carotenoids by 60%.…”

Mycorrhizae-rhizobacterial interaction to enhance the growth, development, nutrient content, and physiological attributes of okra in compost amended soil

“…In addition, they stimulate the production of endogenous phytohormones and antioxidants. The higher rate of photosynthesis that results from light harvesting in a symbiotic connection may explain this phenomenon (Wu et al, 2010;Jabborova et al, 2021). The PLS-SEM results proved that the increase in growth, and yield was due to photosynthetic pigments (path coe cient = 1.036, p < 0.05) proved by (Fig.…”