Interactive effects of salicylic acid and nitric oxide on soybean plants under NaCl salinity

Salicylic acid and nitric oxide alleviate osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

“…The decrease in membranes damage which is associated with an improved performance of plants in response to SA or NO may be related to the induction of antioxidant responses that protect the plant from oxidative damage, a similar mechanism to be responsible for SA-induced multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants (Senaratna et al 2000). SA-or NO-induced increases in SOD, CAT, GPX, and GR activity have also been reported (El-Tayeb 2005;Simaei et al 2011;Kong et al 2014).…”

“…Although SOD functions as the first line of defense against ROS, its end product is the toxic H 2 O 2 . Therefore, an efficient H 2 O 2 scavenging system is Simaei et al 2011). Bai et al (2011) found that NO affected a series of protein accumulation involving in material and energy metabolism, including ATPase and LOX.…”

“…Severe water stress may result in the arrest of photosynthesis, disturbance of metabolism followed by reduction of growth, dry mater, and harvestable yield in a number of plant species (Jaleel et al 2008) One of the inevitable consequences of drought stress is enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in different cellular compartments, namely in the chloroplasts, the peroxisomes, and the mitochondria (Cruz & Maria 2008) that activates expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes (Misra et al 2011) Some molecules, such as calcium, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and nitric oxide (NO) have been suggested to be signal transducers or messengers. These substances have obtained particular attention because of inducing a protective effect on plants under abiotic stresses (Simaei et al 2011).…”

“…Salicylic acid (SA, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is considered as a hormone-like endogenous regulator, which influences a range of diverse processes in plants, including seed germination, ion uptake and transport, membrane permeability, and photosynthesis (Simaei et al 2011). SA is an important signal involved in the activation of plant defense responses against abiotic and biotic stresses and plays a crucial role for the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes (Saruhan et al 2012).…”

“…There is evidence indicating that NO can act in plants similarly as in animals, through the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent or cGMP-independent pathway, by increasing cytosolic Ca 2 + concentration, and modulating the activity of protein kinases (Arasimowicz et al 2007). NO can be generated non-enzymatically by chemical breakdown of NO donor molecules, such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, S-nitrosoglutathione, and 3-morpholinosydnomine (Simaei et al 2011).…”