Interactive effects of oxygen, carbon dioxide and flow on photosynthesis and respiration in the scleractinian coral <i>Galaxea fascicularis</i>

Osinga, Ronald; Derksen‐Hooijberg, Marlous; Wijgerde, Tim; Verreth, J.A.J.

doi:10.1242/jeb.140509

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This may reduce the influence of thermal anomalies as coral reefs in areas of high flow have been shown to be less susceptible to thermal bleaching by reducing localized build of harmful reactive oxygen species (i.e. ROS, see Nakamura, 2010;Osinga, Derksen-Hooijberg, Wijgerde, & Verreth, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea

Osman

Smith

Ziegler

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

186

242

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Tropical reefs have been impacted by thermal anomalies caused by global warming that induced coral bleaching and mortality events globally. However, there have only been very few recordings of bleaching within the Red Sea despite covering a latitudinal range of 15° and consequently it has been considered a region that is less sensitive to thermal anomalies. We therefore examined historical patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and associated anomalies (1982-2012) and compared warming trends with a unique compilation of corresponding coral bleaching records from throughout the region. These data indicated that the northern Red Sea has not experienced mass bleaching despite intensive Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) of >15°C-weeks. Severe bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea where DHWs have been more frequent, but far less intense (DHWs <4°C-weeks). A similar pattern was observed during the 2015-2016 El Niño event during which time corals in the northern Red Sea did not bleach despite high thermal stress (i.e. DHWs >8°C-weeks), and bleaching was restricted to the central and southern Red Sea despite the lower thermal stress (DHWs < 8°C-weeks). Heat stress assays carried out in the northern (Hurghada) and central (Thuwal) Red Sea on four key reef-building species confirmed different regional thermal susceptibility, and that central Red Sea corals are more sensitive to thermal anomalies as compared to those from the north. Together, our data demonstrate that corals in the northern Red Sea have a much higher heat tolerance than their prevailing temperature regime would suggest. In contrast, corals from the central Red Sea are close to their thermal limits, which closely match the maximum annual water temperatures. The northern Red Sea harbours reef-building corals that live well below their bleaching thresholds and thus we propose that the region represents a thermal refuge of global importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea

Osman

Smith

Ziegler

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

186

242

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“…All rights reserved data from the coral-collection site can be used to determine the maximum irradiance on a clear cloudless day and thus the maximum experimental light levels. If replicating natural light conditions is not possible, minimum light levels from 250-500 μmol photons m -2 s -1 are typically sufficient to stimulate maximal photosynthesis (P max ) (Warner et al 1999, Falkowski and Raven 2007, Suggett et al 2013 Adequate flow within the tanks is important as static water creates temperature, pH, and oxygen gradients, chemical changes, and pockets of high microbial growth (Mass et al 2010, Osinga et al 2017), whereas higher current flow reduces bleaching (Nakamura and van Woesik 2001, Nakamura et al 2003, Lenihan et al 2008, Schmidt et al 2016, Fujimura and Riegl 2017. Thus, adequate flow as well as consistent flow rates among tanks are needed for valid comparisons within and among studies.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adequate flow within the tanks is important as static water creates temperature, pH, and oxygen gradients, chemical changes, and pockets of high microbial growth (Mass et al 2010, Osinga et al 2017), whereas higher current flow reduces bleaching (Nakamura and van Woesik 2001, Nakamura et al 2003, Lenihan et al 2008, Schmidt et al 2016, Fujimura and Riegl 2017). Thus, adequate flow as well as consistent flow rates among tanks are needed for valid comparisons within and among studies.…”

Section: Proposed Common Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Grottoli

Toonen

Woesik

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Coral bleaching is the single largest global threat to coral reefs worldwide. Integrating the diverse body of work on coral bleaching is critical to understanding and combating this global problem. Yet investigating the drivers, patterns, and processes of coral bleaching poses a major challenge. A recent review of published experiments revealed a wide range of experimental variables used across studies. Such a wide range of approaches enhances discovery, but without full transparency in the experimental and analytical methods used, can also make comparisons among studies challenging. To increase comparability but not stifle innovation, we propose a common framework for coral bleaching experiments that includes consideration of coral provenance, experimental conditions, and husbandry. For example, reporting the number of genets used, collection site conditions, the experimental temperature offset(s) from the maximum monthly mean (MMM) of the collection site, experimental light conditions, flow, and the feeding regime will greatly facilitate comparability across studies. Similarly, quantifying common response variables of endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae) and holobiont phenotypes (i.e., color, chlorophyll, endosymbiont cell density, mortality, and skeletal growth) could further facilitate cross-study comparisons. While no single bleaching experiment can provide the data necessary to determine global coral responses of all corals to current and future ocean warming, linking studies through a common framework as outlined here, would help increase comparability among experiments, facilitate synthetic insights into the causes and underlying mechanisms of coral bleaching, and reveal unique bleaching responses among genets, species, and regions. Such a collaborative framework that fosters transparency in methods used would strengthen comparisons among studies that can help inform coral reef management and facilitate conservation strategies to mitigate coral bleaching worldwide.

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“…incubated in still conditions experienced a 25% reduction in photosynthesis and respiration rates compared to moderate flow conditions . These direct effects of flow on coral resistance to and recovery from bleaching via enhancement of photosynthesis, have been explained by the flow‐dependent transfer of DIC, a key element of biosynthesis and the terminal electron acceptor of the carboxylation pathway . Flow‐dependent efflux of O 2 from the coral to the surrounding water column has also been hypothesized as contributing toward bleaching resistance.…”

Section: Flow Conditions Have Direct Effects On the Physiology Of Cormentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeking Resistance in Coral Reef Ecosystems: The Interplay of Biophysical Factors and Bleaching Resistance under a Changing Climate

et al. 2019

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If we are to ensure the persistence of species in an increasingly warm world, of interest is the identification of drivers that affect the ability of an organism to resist thermal stress. Underpinning any organism's capacity for resistance is a complex interplay between biological and physical factors occurring over multiple scales. Tropical coral reefs are a unique system, in that their function is dependent upon the maintenance of a coral-algal symbiosis that is directly disrupted by increases in water temperature. A number of physical factors have been identified as affecting the biological responses of the coral organism under broadscale thermal anomalies. One such factor is water flow, which is capable of modulating both organismal metabolic functioning and thermal environments. Understanding the physiological and hydrodynamic drivers of organism response to thermal stress improves predictive capabilities and informs targeted management responses, thereby increasing the resilience of reefs into the future.

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Interactive effects of oxygen, carbon dioxide and flow on photosynthesis and respiration in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea

Thermal refugia against coral bleaching throughout the northern Red Sea

Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Seeking Resistance in Coral Reef Ecosystems: The Interplay of Biophysical Factors and Bleaching Resistance under a Changing Climate

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