Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Abstract

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is a well-known medicinal herb, primarily used in liver protection. Light strongly affects several physiological processes along with secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants. Herein, S. marianum was exploited for in vitro potential under different light regimes in the presence of melatonin. The optimal callogenic response occurred in the combination of 1.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine under photoperiod. Continuous light associated with melatonin treatment increased total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential, followed by photoperiod and dark treatments. The increased level of melatonin has a synergistic effect on biomass accumulation under continuous light and photoperiod, while an adverse effect was observed under dark conditions. More detailed phytochemical analysis showed maximum total silymarin content (11.92 mg/g dry weight (DW)) when placed under continuous light + 1.0 mg/L melatonin. Individually, the level of silybins (A and B), silydianin, isolsilychristin and silychristin was found highest under continuous light. Anti-inflammatory activities were also studied and highest percent inhibition was recorded against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) for cultures cultivated under continuous light (42.33%). The current study helps us to better understand the influence of melatonin and different light regimes on silymarin production as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in S. marianum callus extracts.

Interactive Effect of Melatonin and UV-C on Phenylpropanoid Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Potential in Callus Cultures of Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var purpurascens)

“…Mel (1 mg/L) showed maximum accumulation (79.4 mg/g DW) of RA, whereas melatonin (4 mg/L) showed minimum accumulation of RA (65.9 mg/g DW) ( Table 1). These results are in accordance with a study in which exogenous melatonin exposure produced variable physiological responses in Lepidium sativum [29] and Silybum marianum [28]. Duran et al [52] concluded that melatonin application increased RA contents 5-fold more as compared to the control in sweet basil callus cultures.…”

“…Procedures of elicitation are sometimes combined to enhance efficacy of procedure. For instance, melatonin and different light regimes have synergistically improved the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as the silymarin content in callus cultures of S. marianum [28]. Ullah et al verified the effect of UV-C radiation and melatonin on the synthesis of antioxidant and production antidiabetic metabolites in callus cultures of Lepidium sativum L. [29].…”

Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants

“…Free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging potential was evaluated by following the protocol of Shah et al [ 58 ]. Briefly, the sample extract (20 μL) was blended with 180 μL of DPPH solution and kept for 1h in dark.…”

Interactive Effects of Wide-Spectrum Monochromatic Lights on Phytochemical Production, Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Solanum xanthocarpum Callus Cultures

“…Similarly, Ullah et al [35] observed higher biomass accumulation in callus culture of Lepidium sativum under white light treatment. However, several reports are available on stimulation of biomass accumulation under white light in various medicinal plants [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Nonetheless, the addition of blue light (400-500 nm) not only stimulated biomass production in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) but also enhanced photosynthetic capacity of tissues [42].…”