Interactive Effects of Hand Weeding, Tine and Sweep Cultivation for Weed Control in Organic Peanut Production

Wann, Dylan Q.; Tubbs, R. Scott

doi:10.3146/ps13-15.1

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, mechanical weed control is complicated by limitations of equipment design, operation, and cost (Johnson et al 2012b; Johnson and Davis 2015). Mechanical weed control in peanut in the United States is achieved mainly with the use of interrow cultivation implements such as a tine weeder, sweep cultivator, and brush hoe (Johnson et al 2012b; Wann and Tubbs 2014). Weed control using these implements is achieved by cutting, shredding, tearing, and burying weeds (Wann et al 2011).…”

Section: Curative—mechanical Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…], D. ciliaris , J. tamnifolia , R. scabra , and Amaranthus spp. and reduced the hand-weeding time requirement by more than 38% compared with no tine cultivation (Wann and Tubbs 2014). In another study, the control of D. aegyptium , D. ciliaris , D. tortuosum , I. lacunosa , J. tamnifolia , and S. obtusifolia was similar with tine-weeder cultivation of 6- and 8-wk duration (Johnson et al 2012a)…”

Section: Curative—mechanical Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competing with the competitors in an endless competition: a systematic review of nonchemical weed management research in peanut (Arachis hypogea) in the United States

et al. 2023

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Weed interference is a major factor that reduces peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield in the United States (US). Peanut growers rely heavily on herbicides for weed control. Although effective, herbicides are not a complete solution to the complex challenge that weeds present. Therefore, the use of non-chemical weed management options is essential. The literature on weed research in peanut in the past 53 years in the US was reviewed to assess the achievements and identify current research gaps and prospects for non-chemical weed management for future research. More than half (79%) of the published studies were from the southeastern US. Most studies (88%) focused on weed management while fewer studies (12%) addressed weed distribution, ecology, and competitive mechanisms. Broadleaf weeds were the most frequently studied weed species (60%), whereas only 23% and 19% of the published studies were relevant to grasses and Cyperus spp., respectively. Seventy-two percent of the published studies focused on curative measures with the use of herbicides. Non-chemical methods using mechanical (5%) and preventive (13%) measures that influence crop competition and reduce the build-up of the weed seed bank, seedling recruitment, and weed seed production have received less attention. In most studies, the preventive weed management measures provided weed suppression and reduced weed competition but were not effective enough to reduce the need for herbicides to protect peanut yield. Therefore, future research should focus to develop integrated weed management strategies based on multiple preventive measures rather than one preventive with curative measures. We recommend research on mechanical weed management to focus on the role of cultivation when integrated with currently available herbicides. For successful weed management with lasting outcomes, the dominant weed communities of specific target locations should be addressed within the context of climate change and emerging constraints rather than focusing on single problematic species.

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Section: Curative—mechanical Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Curative—mechanical Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing with the competitors in an endless competition: a systematic review of nonchemical weed management research in peanut (Arachis hypogea) in the United States

et al. 2023

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“…Organic peanut growers tend to spend more for weed control than conventional peanut growers due to the continued reliance on costly handweeding. This cost is directly related to the time needed to remove weeds by hand; the greater the weed density, the longer it will take and at greater expense (Wann and Tubbs, 2014).…”

Section: Weeds and Their Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, heavy weed infestations often discourage field workers resulting in sloppy performance or outright abandonment of the work assignment. Research and on-farm demonstrations have shown that handweeding should be viewed as a supplemental tactic that controls escapes, not the primary method of weed control in organic peanut (Wann and Tubbs, 2014).…”

Section: Mechanical Weed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production

Johnson

2019

Peanut Science

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Organic peanut production is a high-risk cropping system, largely due to difficulties in managing weeds using methods acceptable for certified-organic production. In contrast with conventional peanut production that relies heavily on synthetic herbicides, organic peanut production must use an integrated system to manage weeds. The foundation for an integrated weed management system is cultural weed control which is a system of production practices that promote uniform peanut growth to suppress weeds. Cultural weed control includes practices that promote vigorous early-season peanut growth and lessen chances for weed escapes. Mechanical weed control is based on repeated cultivation using a tine weeder and sweep cultivator to control weeds before they emerge. However, weed control consistency from cultivation is affected by rainfall that can delay scheduled cultivations and hinder implement function. Handweeding is also a form of mechanical weed control that is used to supplement other weed control efforts by controlling escapes. Herbicides derived from natural products and thermal weed control using propane flaming have limited value in organic peanut production due to limited weed control spectra, specifically poor control of annual grasses and perennial weeds. Successful weed management in certified organic peanut production will depend on an integrated system, not a single form of weed control.

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“…The tine weeder is a highspeed and lightweight implement made of series of spring-steel rods arranged in multiple rows that displaces seedling weeds using vibratory action of the tines. Repeated cultivation with a tine weeder effectively controlled annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds in organic peanut (Johnson and Davis 2015;Johnson et al 2012aJohnson et al , 2012bWann and Tubbs 2014;Wann et al 2011). While the soil surface is thoroughly disturbed to a depth of 1.0 cm by the tine weeder, very little soil is displaced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating cultivation using a tine weeder with herbicides in conventional peanut production

Johnson

Luo

2019

Weed Technol

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Research from the 1980s reported sweep cultivation being a cost-effective component in an integrated system to manage weeds in peanut. Previous weed management research conducted on organic peanut indicated that repeated cultivation with a tine weeder was an effective component in that production system. Studies were conducted in Tifton, GA, from 2014 through 2017 to determine whether tine weeding can be integrated with herbicides in conventional peanut production to supplement herbicides. Experiments evaluated a factorial arrangement of eight herbicide combinations and two levels of cultivation using a tine weeder. Herbicides were labeled rates of ethalfluralin PRE, S-metolachlor PRE, imazapic POST, ethalfluralin PRE + S-metolachlor PRE, ethalfluralin PRE + imazapic POST, S-metolachlor PRE + imazapic POST, ethalfluralin PRE + S-metolachlor PRE + imazapic POST, and a nontreated control. The herbicides chosen were based on knowledge of the weed species composition at the research sites and their common use in peanut. Cultivation regimes were cultivation with a tine weeder (six times at weekly intervals) and a noncultivated control. Benefits of tine weeding supplementing control from herbicides varied according to herbicide and weed species. For example, annual grasses were effectively controlled (88% to 97%) by ethalfluralin or S-metolachlor and did not need cultivation to supplement control provided by the herbicides. However, imazapic alone did not effectively control (54% to 75%) annual grasses and needed supplemental control from cultivation with the tine weeder. Similarly, imazapic effectively controlled (84% to 93%) smallflower morningglory and did not require cultivation to supplement control from the herbicide. However, cultivation with the tine weeder improved smallflower morningglory control (76% to 95%) when supplementing ethalfluralin or S-metolachlor. Peanut yields did not respond to any of the herbicide combinations integrated with cultivation using the tine weeder. During the time period when peanut was cultivated, there was greater total rainfall and more days of rainfall events in 2014 and 2017 compared with the other years. Rainfall and wet soils reduced the performance and weed control benefits of the tine weeder. This highlights the risk of depending on cultivation for weed control.

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Interactive Effects of Hand Weeding, Tine and Sweep Cultivation for Weed Control in Organic Peanut Production

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Competing with the competitors in an endless competition: a systematic review of nonchemical weed management research in peanut (Arachis hypogea) in the United States

Competing with the competitors in an endless competition: a systematic review of nonchemical weed management research in peanut (Arachis hypogea) in the United States

A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production

Integrating cultivation using a tine weeder with herbicides in conventional peanut production

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