Interactive effects of feed allowance and ractopamine supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits of physically and immunologically castrated heavy weight pigs

Brustolini, A. P. L.; Rodrigues, Lucas; Silva, F.C.O.; Peloso, José Vicente; Aldaz, Azucena; Júnior, Moacir Bertozi; Figueiredo, Tadeu Chaves de; Alkmin, Diego Vilela; Fontes, Dalton de Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.009

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, interestingly, feeding the RAC and RAC+BET diets resulted in reduced cooking water loss compared to CTRL diet. Different authors reported that there is no deleterious effect of the use of ractopamine on water loss in pork (Apple et al, 2007;Brustolini et al, 2019). However, our results corroborate those obtained by Uttaro et al (1993), in which supplementation of 20 ppm ractopamine reduced cooking water loss of LD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The effect of ractopamine on carcass traits of pigs is consistent with previous studies. It has been shown an increase in HCW (Rickard et al, 2012;Park et al, 2018;Brustolini et al, 2019) and CY (See et al, 2004;Souza et al, 2018) when pigs are fed ractopamine, being the increase of protein synthesis, the main mechanism causing a greater lean deposition and consequently, enhancement of HCW .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Betaine and ractopamine for pigs from 90 to 140 kg

Soares¹

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Two experiments were carried out with female pigs from 90 to 140 kg. In experiment I, the objective was to evaluate the supplementation of ractopamine and betaine, alone or in association, on performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in skeletal glycolytic and oxidative muscle tissue and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In experiment II, to evaluate performance, carcass traits, pork quality and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in glycolytic and oxidative muscle tissues of two divergent genetic lines fed ractopamine. In experiment I, a total of 72 female pigs (Agroceres PIC) with initial body weight of 88.96 ± 3.44 kg were assigned to a completely randomized design in four diets with nine replicates and two pigs per experimental unit, represented by the pen. Diets consisted of a control (CTRL) diet (without ractopamine and betaine); CTRL + 2.5 g/kg betaine (BET); CTRL+ 20 ppm ractopamine (RAC); and RAC + 2.5 g/kg de betaine (RAC + BET). In experiment II, eighteen female pigs Agroceres PIC 337 (Large White x Landrace x Duroc x Pietrain) x Camborough (Large White x Landrace) (HYB), with initial body weight of 88.96 ± 3.44 kg and 12 female pigs DB LQ 1250 (Duroc) x DB 90 (Large White x Landrace) (DUR), with initial body weight of 85.63 ± 1.55 kg were used. Pigs were allotted in a completely randomized design in two groups: HYB and DUR with nine and six replicates, respectively, and two pigs per experimental unit, represented by the pen. In experiment I, pigs fed RAC and RAC+BET diets had higher daily weight gain, lower feed conversion compared to pigs fed the other diets and higher hot carcass weight and carcass yield, compared to CTRL diet. Pigs fed BET, RAC and RAC+BET diets had greater loin muscle area. The backfat thickness was lower in pigs fed RAC+BET diet, compared to the CTRL. The meat from pigs fed BET diet had lower Warner-Bratzler shear force and higher percentage of intramuscular fat compared to CTRL. BET diet increased the expression of lipogenic factors in Longissimus dorsi and Soleus muscles compared to CTRL. In adipose tissue, RAC and BET diets increased the expression of genes related to lipolysis and β-oxidation. The results indicate that performance and carcass traits can be improved with ractopamine and betaine promotes increase in loin muscle area and pork quality. In experiment II, the performance of pigs from both genetic groups was similar. However, DUR pigs had lower backfat thickness. The meat from DUR pigs had higher L* (brightness), lower a* (redness) and higher percentage of intramuscular fat. DUR pigs had higher expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and fatty acid protein translocase/cluster differentiation (FAT/CD36), in addition to higher abundance of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and Adiponectin (ADIP) mRNA in the Longissimus dorsi. Greater abundance of PPARγ and FAT/CD36 mRNA was also observed in the Soleus muscle of DUR pigs with no change in the expression of enzymes related to lipid degradation compared to HYB pigs. DUR pigs had carcasses with lower backfat thickness and better meat quality, evidenced by the higher percentage of intramuscular fat compared to HYB pigs. Possibly the higher concentration of intramuscular fat is mainly due to the higher expression of transcription factors and enzymes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in glycolytic and oxidative skeletal muscle tissue in DUR pigs. Keywords: Lipid metabolism. mRNA expression. Performance. Pork quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betaine and ractopamine for pigs from 90 to 140 kg

Soares¹

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“…As Brustolini et al [ 37 ], who tested 10 ppm of ractopamine in castrated and immunocastrated males, observed no significant difference was observed for water retention capacity and water loss during cooking in both treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of a Phytogenic Compound with Minerals as a Possible Alternative to Ractopamine for Finishing Pigs

Moreira

Garbossa

Guimarães

et al. 2022

Animals

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic compound for pigs in the growing and finishing phases as a possible substitute for ractopamine. A total of 140 pigs with an average initial weight of 48.8 kg ± 5.9 kg were used, distributed in a randomized block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme (control diet (CONT), diet with inclusion of 2.5 kg per ton of a phytogenic compound (PC), and diet with 10 ppm of ractopamine (RAC), and two sexes: gilts and barrows), distributed in eight pens per treatment. The performance parameters were measured, and, at the end of the experimental period, the animals were slaughtered for carcass characteristics and pork quality analysis. The animals consuming RAC showed a better feed conversion, 4% improvement in relation to the group with the PC (p < 0.05). For daily weight gain, the animals supplemented with the PC showed 4.46% lower gain compared to RAC, and 3% greater gain compared to the CONT (p < 0.05). The animals that consumed the PC showed 5.6% lower shear force of the pork (p < 0.05) in relation to the CONT group and 29% lower in relation to the RAC group. The TBARS value presented a significant difference (p < 0.05), the CONTT group was 29% higher than the RAC, and the PC was 15.5% higher than the RAC. For chroma, the pork of the RAC group was 14% lower than the CONTT group and 10.3% less than the PC. There was no significant difference for the carcass parameters. It was concluded that the pigs in the ractopamine group presented the best performance; however, the phytogenic compound can be used against ractopamine’s restriction because it improves daily weight gain and promotes a softer and less pale meat when compared with ractopamine.

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