Interactive effect of photoperiod and temperature on the growth rates, muscle growth and feed intake in juvenile Atlantic halibut

Abstract

To investigate the interactive e¡ects of temperature and photoperiod on the growth performance, feeding parameters and muscle growth dynamics in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.), a total of 1212 juvenile halibut, including 383 tagged ¢sh (mean initial weight of tagged individuals: 17.6 AE 0.3 g SE), were reared under a simulated natural light regime for Bergen (60125 0 N) or continuous light at 9,12 and15 1C from 3 December 2007 until11 March 2008. The mean weight and growth rate were signi¢cantly higher at 12 and 15 1C than at 9 1C. In addition, signi¢cantly higher mean weight and growth rate were observed in halibut reared under continuous light at a low temperature, indicating an interactive e¡ect of temperature and photoperiod on growth performance. No e¡ect of temperature or photoperiod was found with respect to feed conversion e⁄ciency, whereas a higher feed consumption at increasing temperature and a higher overall daily feeding rate at continuous light at a low temperature were observed. Indications of continuous light having a stronger e¡ect at low temperatures on muscle growth dynamics were found. A di¡erence in the size class distribution of ¢bre diameter was found between photoperiod treatments at 9 1C, suggesting that continuous light resulted in elevated hypertrophic growth at low temperature. This may suggest that the increased growth rate found at continuous light at 9 1C may be a result of hypertrophic growth in juvenile halibut.

Growing in the Dark Warmth: The Case of Amazonian Fish Colossoma macropomum

“…Similar growth rates were recorded in the same photoperiod of the SNP-26 animals and higher growth rates in relation to D-26 and SNP-26 (Figures 1, 2 and Table 3). A growth-stimulating effect has been reported in continuous light at low temperatures for species such as Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. and S. salar (Jonassen et al, 2000;Lohne et al, 2012;Handeland et al, 2013). According to the findings of Døskeland et al (2016), the magnitude of these effects is inversely related to the increase in temperature indicating higher efficiency for animals raised at low temperatures when in continuous light, than at temperatures close to the optimum of the species.…”

“…The optimal temperature for growth in freshwater fish can be altered according to changes in the photoperiod (Coutant et al, 1984;Woiwode and Adelman, 1991). However, light also affects marine and temperate species, as showed by Døskeland et al (2016) for the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Some studies have revealed limiting effects of continuous light at higher temperatures for growth, whereas at lower temperatures these effects appear to increase fish development (Solbakken et al, 1994;Imsland et al, 1995Imsland et al, , 2017Lohne et al, 2012). These studies suggest an interactive effect of photoperiod and temperature on fish growth.…”

Muscle cellularity, enzyme activities, and nucleic acid content in meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

“…The growth of fish axial musculature is affected by environmental parameters, as well as intrinsic aspects of fish growth (Carpenè and Veggetti 1981;Stoiber and Sänger 1996;Valente et al 1999;Wilkes et al 2001;Johnston et al 2003;Alami-Durante et al 2007;Lohne et al 2012). For example, the number and the size of fish skeletal muscle fibres increase throughout their life span (Hudson 1969;Johnston 1980), but the ratio of muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy varies and is governed by developmental, genetic, and environmental factors (Weatherley et al 1988;Veggetti et al 1990).…”

The effect of temperature and fish size on growth of juvenile lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.)

“…Despite consistency in the findings of increased final weight with increasing temperature, these comparisons of final weight between studies do not take into consideration possible effects of different photoperiods (Jonassen et al 2000b;Imsland & Jonassen 2001;Lohne et al 2012), feeding regimes (Brown et al 1997) and time scopes (Björnsson et al 2007;Arnason et al 2009). …”

“…Possible secondary effects on photoperiod should not be out ruled, as temperature -growth studies for juvenile halibut have shown enhancing effects on continuous light periods for growth at low or sub-optimal temperatures and negative effects close to T opt SGR (Jonassen et al 2000b;Lohne et al 2012), but this growth effect may be species specific (Boeuf & Le Bail 1999) and dependent on the changing optimum temperature for growth with increasing size (Imsland et al 2007b). Despite this, Lohne et al (2012) found no indications that photoperiod modulates T opt for SGR and feeding in juvenile halibut, while (Jonassen et al 2000a) found that growth in juvenile halibut would gradually increase with increasing natural day length, though not exceeding the growth of fish reared at constant photoperiod. Imsland and Jonassen (2001) suggested an increase in overall metabolism due to increased metabolic capacity at constant photoperiod at low temperatures, but the nocturnal activity of lumpfish is yet unknown.…”