Interactions of zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalenone-14-sulfate, and zearalenone-14-glucoside with serum albumin

Abstract

The xenoestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone is a Fusarium-derived food and feed contaminant. In mammals, the reduced (e.g., zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) and conjugated (e.g., zearalenone-14-sulfate) metabolites of zearalenone are formed. Furthermore, filamentous fungi and plants are also able to convert zearalenone to conjugated derivatives, including zearalenone-14-sulfate and zearalenone-14-glucoside, respectively. Serum albumin is the dominant plasma protein in the circulation; it interacts with certain mycotoxins, affecting their toxicokinetics. In a previous investigation, we demonstrated the remarkable species differences regarding the albumin binding of zearalenone and zearalenols. In the current study, the interactions of zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, zearalenone-14-sulfate, and zearalenone-14-glucoside with human, bovine, porcine, and rat serum albumins were examined, employing fluorescence spectroscopy and affinity chromatography. Zearalanone, zearalanols, and zearalenone-14-sulfate form stable complexes with albumins tested (K = 9.3 × 103 to 8.5 × 105 L/mol), while the albumin binding of zearalenone-14-glucoside seems to be weak. Zearalenone-14-sulfate formed the most stable complexes with albumins examined. Considerable species differences were observed in the albumin binding of zearalenone metabolites, which may have a role in the interspecies differences regarding the toxicity of zearalenone.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Cytotoxic and Estrogenic Effects of Zearalenone, Its Reduced Metabolites, Alternariol, and Genistein

“…The cytotoxic effects of ZEN, its metabolites, and AOH were tested on a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Based on previous investigations, these mycotoxins form highly stable complexes with serum albumin [40][41][42][43], which can strongly affect their cellular uptake and in vitro toxicity. Therefore, cell experiments were performed in the absence of FBS.…”

“…Stock solutions of AOH (5000 µM or 40 mM) were prepared in spectroscopic grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Fluka, Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Mycotoxin stock solutions were stored at −20 • C. Before the treatment, the cell culture medium was replaced with a fresh one without FBS, because of the strong interactions of ZEN, ZEN metabolites, and AOH with serum albumin [40][41][42].…”

Isolation and Mechanistic Characterization of a Novel Zearalenone-Degrading Enzyme

“…Through these metabolic processes, ZEN will also produce a variety of derivatives, such as: α-Zearalanol(α-ZAL), Taleranol(β-ZOL), Zearalanone(ZAN), Zearalenone-14-sulfate (Z14S), and Zearalenone-14-glucoside (Z14G). Among these derivatives, Z14S and Z14G have lower estrogen toxicity [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

“…Частота ушкодження рослин грибами роду Fusarium залежить від кількох факторів, таких як генотип, кліматичні умови, сезон збирання врожаю та умови зберігання. Проте було встановлено, що кукурудза має високий ризик зараження, тимчасом як забруднення пшениці, вівса та соєвих бобів трапляється нечасто (Faisal et al, 2020).…”