Interactions of Some Organic Solvents: Hydrocarbons and Chloroalkene

Skowroń, Jolanta; Miranowicz-Dzierżawska, Katarzyna; Zapór, Lidia; Gołofit-Szymczak, Małgorzata; Stárek, A

doi:10.1080/10803548.2001.11076475

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous toxicological studies have shown that n-hexane and its metabolites, 2,5-HD and 2-hexanone, were detected in the liver, kidney, brain, blood, and the developing fetus at time points up to 18 hours after exposure [ 2 ]. 2,5-HD is known to cause testicular dysfunction, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity and it adversely affects liver and kidney function in animals and humans [ 3 – 6 ]. An uncontrolled exposure to toxic industrial solvents is capable of causing biological damage which eventually could lead to pathological conditions and organ damage [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Hepatic and Renal Functions by 2,5-Hexanedione Is Accompanied by Oxidative Stress in Rats

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Odion

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology

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2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the toxic metabolite of n-hexane which is widely used as solvent in numerous industries. The present study elucidated the precise mechanism of 2,5-HD in hepatorenal toxicity by determining the involvement of oxidative stress in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% 2,5-HD in drinking water for 21 days. Exposure to 2,5-HD caused liver and kidney atrophy evidenced by significant elevation in serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and electrolytes levels compared with control. The marked dose-dependent increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was accompanied with significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in 2,5-HD-exposed animals when compared with the control. Administration of 2,5-HD significantly diminished glutathione (GSH) level but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) concomitantly with marked elevation in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and kidney of the treated groups compared with control. These findings suggest that undue exposure to 2,5-HD at environmentally relevant levels may impair liver and kidney functions through induction of oxidative stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of Hepatic and Renal Functions by 2,5-Hexanedione Is Accompanied by Oxidative Stress in Rats

Adedara

Abolaji

Odion

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology

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“…In real life people are exposed to multiple chemicals or organic solvents simultaneously rather than a single agent, because most chemicals or organic solvents are the mixtures of several different kinds. Some solvents enhance the metabolism of others, while others inhibit metabolism and thereby increase solvents levels in the blood and reduce elimination time [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Organic Solvents Induce Renal Injury in Rats

Qin

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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To investigate the injury effects of organic solvents on kidney, an animal model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with mixed organic solvents via inhalation was generated and characterized. The mixed organic solvents consisted of gasoline, dimethylbenzene and formaldehyde (GDF) in the ratio of 2∶2:1, and were used at 12,000 PPM to treat the rats twice a day, each for 3 hours. Proteinuria appeared in the rats after exposure for 5–6 weeks. The incidences of proteinuria in male and female rats after exposure for 12 weeks were 43.8% (7/16) and 25% (4/16), respectively. Urinary N-Acetyl-β-(D)-Glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was increased significantly after exposure for 4 weeks. Histological examination revealed remarkable injuries in the proximal renal tubules, including tubular epithelial cell detachment, cloud swelling and vacuole formation in the proximal tubular cells, as well as proliferation of parietal epithelium and tubular reflux in glomeruli. Ultrastructural examination found that brush border and cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cell were dropped, that tubular epithelial cells were partially disintegrated, and that the mitochondria of tubular epithelial cells were degenerated and lost. In addition to tubular lesions, glomerular damages were also observed, including segmental foot process fusion and loss of foot process covering on glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the expression of nephrin and podocin were both decreased after exposure of GDF. In contrast, increased expression of desmin, a marker of podocyte injury, was found in some areas of a glomerulus. TUNEL staining showed that GDF induced apoptosis in tubular cells and glomerular cells. These studies demonstrate that GDF can induce both severe proximal tubular damage and podocyte injury in rats, and the tubular lesions appear earlier than that of glomeruli.

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“…The level of the compounds reacting with TBA, which include MDA, is often a designated parameter in experimental animals (Skowroń et al, 2001a; 2001b) and is used as an indicator of LPO and membrane damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of using free radical generators in the testing of chosen oxidative stress parameters in the different types of cells

Miranowicz-Dzierżawska

2018

Toxicol Ind Health

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The aim of this study was to assess whether there are differences between the results of determining oxidative stress markers obtained from different origin cell lines after exposure to chemicals generating free radicals. The studies considered two markers of oxidative stress: the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase activity. The evaluation was performed in five cell lines: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-9) cells, lung adenocarcinoma A549, macrophages RAW264.7, skin carcinoma cells A431, and keratinocytes HaCaT. Three compounds generating free radicals were used as a source of reactive oxygen/nitrogen: 2,2'-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide dihydrochloride (AAPH), sodium persulfate (SP), and 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1). The most appropriate cell line to assess the level of TBARS proved to be the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Equally, good performance was observed in the lung cancer cell line A549, but only when tested with AAPH and SP. In the case of measuring superoxide dismutase activity, it appeared that the most suitable cell line was also the RAW 264.7 line, although dispersion increased significantly at the highest concentrations of AAPH and SP measurements. When choosing a cell line to determine oxidative stress, the specificity of the stress-inducing compound and the parameter determined should be taken into consideration.

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Interactions of Some Organic Solvents: Hydrocarbons and Chloroalkene

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Impairment of Hepatic and Renal Functions by 2,5-Hexanedione Is Accompanied by Oxidative Stress in Rats

Impairment of Hepatic and Renal Functions by 2,5-Hexanedione Is Accompanied by Oxidative Stress in Rats

Mixed Organic Solvents Induce Renal Injury in Rats

A comparative study of using free radical generators in the testing of chosen oxidative stress parameters in the different types of cells

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