Interactions of Skin with Gold Nanoparticles of Different Surface Charge, Shape, and Functionality

Abstract

The interactions between skin and colloidal gold nanoparticles of different physicochemical characteristics are investigated. By systematically varying the charge, shape, and functionality of gold nanoparticles, the nanoparticle penetration through the different skin layers is assessed. The penetration is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively using a variety of complementary techniques. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is used to quantify the total number of particles which penetrate the skin structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and two photon photoluminescence microscopy (TPPL) on skin cross sections provide a direct visualization of nanoparticle migration within the different skin substructures. These studies reveal that gold nanoparticles functionalized with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) TAT and R7 are found in the skin in larger quantities than polyethylene glycol-functionalized nanoparticles, and are able to enter deep into the skin structure. The systematic studies presented in this work may be of strong interest for developments in transdermal administration of drugs and therapy.

Effects of surface charges of gold nanoclusters on long-term in vivo biodistribution, toxicity, and cancer radiation therapy

“…[1][2][3] Unlike traditional large size nanoparticles (NPs, .10 nm), [4][5][6] typical Au NCs have a renal clearance cutoff of less than 5.5 nm, 7 to easily escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and accumulate in the tumor tissue. 3,8,9 Therefore, they are widely applied in imaging, drug deliveries, and cancer radiation therapies.…”

Nanogold – Biological effects and occupational exposure levels

“…Fernandes i wsp. [14,15] badali przenikanie różnych typów nanocząstek złota przez skórę ludzką i myszy ex vivo. Celem eksperymentów było sprawdzenie wpły-wu kształtu, ładunku i funkcjonalizacji nanozłota na zdolność penetracji.…”

Enhancing the in vivo transdermal delivery of gold nanoparticles using poly(ethylene glycol) and its oleylamine conjugate

“…[25][26][27] A recent study fully evaluated the in vitro skin permeation of pegylated and cell-penetrating peptide-modified GNS through different skin layers using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28 Despite numerous discussions on the in vitro skin permeation of GNS, those focusing on their in vivo permeation are relatively limited. [28][29][30][31] Studies of GNS as contrasting agents after topical application are available for several animal models.…”

“…28 Despite numerous discussions on the in vitro skin permeation of GNS, those focusing on their in vivo permeation are relatively limited. [28][29][30][31] Studies of GNS as contrasting agents after topical application are available for several animal models.…”