Interactions of Metabolic Hormones, Adipose Tissue and Exercise

McMurray, Robert G.; Hackney, Anthony C.

doi:10.2165/00007256-200535050-00003

Cited by 135 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…All four molecules are known to interact with each other and are involved in regulation of metabolic signaling pathways (38). The biological characteristics of this cluster also conform to the fact that homeostatic regulation of metabolism requires interaction of multiple hormonal pathways.…”

Section: Comparison Of Tac Methods With Standard Statisticalmentioning

confidence: 74%

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Cheng

Guest

et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The search for biomarkers to diagnose psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia has been underway for decades. Many molecular profiling studies in this field have focused on identifying individual marker signals that show significant differences in expression between patients and the normal population. However, signals for multiple analyte combinations that exhibit patterned behaviors have been less exploited. Here, we present a novel approach for identifying biomarkers of schizophrenia using expression of serum analytes from first onset, drug-naïve patients and normal controls. The strength of patterned signals was amplified by analyzing data in reproducing kernel spaces. This resulted in the identification of small sets of analytes referred to as targeted clusters that have discriminative power specifically for schizophrenia in both human and rat models. These clusters were associated with specific molecular signaling pathways and less strongly related to other neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. These results shed new light concerning how complex neuropsychiatric diseases behave at the pathway level and demonstrate the power of this approach in identification of disease-specific biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic strategies. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9: 510 -522, 2010.

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Section: Comparison Of Tac Methods With Standard Statisticalmentioning

confidence: 74%

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Cheng

Guest

et al. 2010

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…Alongside with resting metabolic rate, it is a major contributor to maintain energy balance. For preventing obesity development, acute low-and moderateintensity exercise is usually recommended because it causes hormonal changes that facilitate lipolytic activity, probably by mediation of hormones (such as catecholamines, cortisol, insulin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones), cytokines and oxidative stress (McMurray and Hackney, 2005).…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary factors, epigenetic modifications and obesity outcomes: Progresses and perspectives

Milagro

Mansego

Miguel

et al. 2013

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

252

161

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Nutritional factors play a life-long role in human health. Indeed, there is growing evidence that one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and bioactive compounds affect metabolic traits is epigenetics. Complex interactions among food components and histone modifications, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA expression and chromatin remodeling factors lead to a dynamic regulation of gene expression that controls the cellular phenotype. Although perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, contributing largely to developmental programming, also during adulthood there is evidence about a nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation. Similarly to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders, obesity predisposition and weight loss outcomes have been repeatedly associated to changes in epigenetic patterns. Different non-nutritional risk factors that usually accompany obesity seem also to be involved in these epigenetic modifications, especially hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. There are currently three major objectives in epigenetic research in relation to obesity: to search for epigenetic biomarkers to predict future health problems or detect the individuals at most risk, to understand the obesity-related environmental factors that could modulate gene expression by affecting epigenetic mechanisms, and to study novel therapeutic strategies based on nutritional or pharmacological agents that can modify epigenetic marks. At this level, the major tasks are: development of robust epigenetic biomarkers of weight regulation, description of those epigenetic marks more susceptible to be modified by dietary exposures, identification of the active ingredients (and the doses) that alter the epigenome, assessment of the real importance of other obesity-related factors on epigenetic regulation, determination of the period of life in which best results are obtained, and understanding of the importance of the inheritance of these epigenetic marks.

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“…During exercise there is an overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in increased catecholamines levels, which are responsible for inhibiting the secretion of insulin and stimulating the secretion of glucagon from the pancreas. Furthermore, there is an increase in cortisol levels which are known to enhance insulin resistance (McMurray and Hackney 2005).…”

Section: Glucose Uptake Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

General aspects of muscle glucose uptake

Alvim

Cheuhen

Machado

et al. 2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Glucose uptake in peripheral tissues is dependent on the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. Studies have shown the existence of two major signaling pathways that lead to the translocation of GLUT4. The first, and widely investigated, is the insulin activated signaling pathway through insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The second is the insulin-independent signaling pathway, which is activated by contractions. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle due to the phenomenon of insulin resistance. However, those individuals have normal glucose uptake during exercise. In this context, physical exercise is one of the most important interventions that stimulates glucose uptake by insulin-independent pathways, and the main molecules involved are adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide, bradykinin, AKT, reactive oxygen species and calcium. In this review, our main aims were to highlight the different glucose uptake pathways and to report the effects of physical exercise, diet and drugs on their functioning. Lastly, with the better understanding of these pathways, it would be possible to assess, exactly and molecularly, the importance of physical exercise and diet on glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, it would be possible to assess the action of drugs that might optimize glucose uptake and consequently be an important step in controlling the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, in addition to being important to clarify some pathways that justify the development of drugs capable of mimicking the contraction pathway.

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Interactions of Metabolic Hormones, Adipose Tissue and Exercise

Cited by 135 publications

References 199 publications

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Identification of Targeted Analyte Clusters for Studies of Schizophrenia

Dietary factors, epigenetic modifications and obesity outcomes: Progresses and perspectives

General aspects of muscle glucose uptake

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