Interactions of flow and reaction in fluid catalytic cracking risers

Zhu, Chao; You, Jane; Patel, Rajesh; Wang, Dawei; Ho, Teh C.

doi:10.1002/aic.12509

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The governing equations of the CFD model were described in many open reports, as shown in Table . In order to describe the governing equations completely, the particulate‐phase properties were derived on the basis of the kinetic theory of granular flow .…”

Section: Mathematical Model Sand Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well‐known that riser reactor is very important for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process . An FCC system in the FCC riser reactor can be treated as a gas–solid two‐phase system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well-known that riser reactor is very important for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. [1][2][3][4] An FCC system in the FCC riser reactor can be treated as a gas-solid two-phase system. [5,6] The gas phase consists of vacuum gas oil, by-products, and products, and the solid phase consists of catalyst particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A CFD modeling of the gas–solid two‐phase flow in an FCC riser under the electrostatic conditions

Jiang

Xiao

Luo

2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Electrostatics is an inevitable phenomenon in fluidization processes and granular flow, where collisions between particulates and walls with different materials occur. In this work, a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model based on the Eulerian-Eulerian approach was applied and coupled with a first-principles electrostatic model to describe the gas-solid two-phase flow behavior in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor under the electrostatic conditions. The coupled model was used to predict the main gas-solid flow distribution parameters in the FCC riser, such as electric potential, particle volume fraction, gas-phase temperature, and gas-phase component fractions. The simulation results showed that the electrostatic had a significant influence on the particle distribution in the bottom dense region of the FCC riser, whereas it had a weak influence in the upper dilute region at the cold-flow conditions. The simulation results also showed that the electrostatic had a weak influence on the particle concentration, gas-phase temperature, and lump concentration distributions when the cracking reaction was considered.

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Section: Mathematical Model Sand Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A CFD modeling of the gas–solid two‐phase flow in an FCC riser under the electrostatic conditions

Jiang

Xiao

Luo

2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…Feed oil was assumed to be injected at the vaporization temperature (Tevp= 460 C) similar to what was reported in the literature. [15,33,34] All the inlets were specified as "velocity inlet" whilst the riser outlet was set as "pressure outlet".…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD investigation of hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reactions in a large-scale fluidized catalytic cracking riser

Yang

Berrouk²,

et al. 2016

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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investigation of hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reactions in a large-scale fluidized catalytic cracking riser, Applied Mathematical Modelling (2016), 1 Highlights  Hydrodynamics coupled with cracking reactions in an FCC riser were studied. Two-fluid mathematical approach was used to model the fluid-particle flow. Intricate phenomena near a series of injecting nozzles were revealed in detail. A recommendation of an appropriate increasing of the feed injection angle was proposed. Yields and reaction rates of main products and catalyst activity were investigated. ABSTRACTA three-dimensional reactive gas-particle CFD model was built to study the hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reaction behaviors within an industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) riser reactor designed to maximize propylene production. The two-fluid methodology (TFM) was used to simulate the riser hydrodynamics with solid phase properties derived from the kinetic theory of granular flows (KTGF). An 11-lump kinetic model was selected to represent the cracking reaction network in the CFD model. The selection of the kinetic model is dictated by the properties of the feedstock processed and the aim of the process which is maximizing propylene. A novel treatment of the coke component was conducted by incorporating coke into the secondary granular phase which is more realistic since carbon deposition occurs on catalyst phase. Momentum transfer, heat transfer and reaction behavior inside the riser were discussed in detail and inhomogeneity in these aspects were observed especially above the high speed injection nozzles. The numerical results of this investigation show a good agreement with the process real data on the yield distribution despite the use of a coarse grid to mesh such an industrial scale FCC riser. The methodology employed used and the results obtained should serve as guidelines for possible process redesign and optimization.

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“…Also, there is a need to gain a predictive understanding of “entrance cracking” via the development of a quantitative treatment of the feed injection zone where temperature and catalyst activity/concentration are highest. These considerations led us to construct a 1‐D heterogeneous riser model capturing the salient features of the interactions between hydrodynamics and cracking kinetics . Specifically, it accounts for catalyst acceleration, particle–particle collision force, and particle‐fluid interfacial force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two‐zone model for fluid catalytic cracking riser with multiple feed injectors

Zhu

Ho³

2014

AIChE Journal

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Developments in modeling of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process have progressed along two lines. One emphasizes composition-based kinetic models based on molecular characterization of feedstocks and reaction products. The other relies on computational fluid dynamics. The aim is to develop an FCC model that strikes a balance between the two approaches. Specifically, we present an FCC riser model consisting of an entrance-zone and a fully developed zone. The former has four overlapping, fan-shaped oil sprays. The model predicts the plant data of Derouin et al. and reveals an inherent two-zone character of the FCC riser. Inside the entrance zone, cracking intensity is highest and changes rapidly, resulting in a steep rise in oil conversion. Outside the entrance zone, cracking intensity is low and varies slowly, leading to a sluggish increase in conversion. The two-zone model provides a computationally efficient modeling approach for FCC online control, optimization, and molecular management.

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Interactions of flow and reaction in fluid catalytic cracking risers

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

A CFD modeling of the gas–solid two‐phase flow in an FCC riser under the electrostatic conditions

A CFD modeling of the gas–solid two‐phase flow in an FCC riser under the electrostatic conditions

CFD investigation of hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reactions in a large-scale fluidized catalytic cracking riser

A two‐zone model for fluid catalytic cracking riser with multiple feed injectors

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