Interactions of Extremely Low-Frequency Electric Field with the Active Sludge Live Materia from Wastewater Treatments

Saving Energy in Biological Wastewater Treatment by Using Extremely Low-Frequency Electric Field—Pilot-Scale Study

“…nique [58,59], determining the proper electrical stimulation frequencies. In [63], the comparative laboratory experimental results (with and without stimulation in the electric field) regarding the removal efficiency of pollutants from synthetic wastewater are presented.…”

“…Some experimental studies have shown that extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields produce changes in the microorganisms metabolism [54][55][56][57]. It has been found that changes take place at certain "representative" frequencies [56][57][58] that can be determined by dielectric spectroscopy [56,58,59]. This method allows for the determination of the frequencies at which processes that change the charge carriers number (such as amino acid condensation and/or protein hydrolysis reactions or enzyme formation processes) take place in the biomass.…”

“…The active sludge from wastewater treatment plants' bioreactors contains numerous species of bacteria, microalgae, and molds. The behavior of these species in an extremely low-frequency electric field (1-500 Hz) was studied using the dielectric spectroscopy technique [58,59], determining the proper electrical stimulation frequencies. In [63], the comparative laboratory experimental results (with and without stimulation in the elec-tric field) regarding the removal efficiency of pollutants from synthetic wastewater are presented.…”

“…Aiming to reduce energy consumption and taking into account the results of the studies above (in particular the information reported in [58,59,69,70]), a pilot for the ELF electric field activation of microbial flora in an operating wastewater treatment plant was designed and implemented [71]. The aim of this paper is to make a comparative analysis of the biological treatment processes' operating parameters for the pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant with and without active sludge ELF stimulation.…”

Recycled Polypropylene/Strontium Ferrite Polymer Composite Materials with Electromagnetic Shielding Properties

“…Electromagnetic radiation pollution can lead to damage to human health [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] and living matter [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], so it is urgently necessary to reduce it by researching and designing different new materials effective for this purpose. These materials must synergistically ensure a good attenuation of electromagnetic waves [ 17 , 18 ] and high resistance to the action of fungi [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 ], environmental conditions [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], mechanical stresses [ 27 , 28 ], excellent dielectric, magnetic and electromagnetic characteristics [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], and high resistance to the action of microwaves and UV radiation [ 33 ]. These conditions can be ensured through polymer-based composite materials, which have excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, as well as high resistance to environmental conditions.…”