Interactions of Crop Level and Late Season Water Stress on Growth and Physiology of Field-Grown Concord Grapevines

Poni, Stefano; Lakso, Alan N.; Turner, James R.; Melious, R.E.

doi:10.5344/ajev.1994.45.2.252

Cited by 63 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A constant feature noted in several grape growing regions across Europe 95 is that over the three summer months of June, July and August, the potential evapotranspiration (ET P ) has increased over the last two decades as compared to previous historical series. In Bordeaux such an increase was about 100–120 mm as compared to the 1951–1990 period 1 , whilst a similar trend has been reported for the Oltrepò Pavese Region in Northern Italy 96 . These trends also justify why a so-called “meteorological drought” can set in without necessarily having limiting conditions in soil moisture 96 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

A sensorless, Big Data based approach for phenology and meteorological drought forecasting in vineyards

Canavera,

Magnanini,

Lanzillotta

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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A web-based app was developed and tested to provide predictions of phenological stages of budburst, flowering and veraison, as well as warnings for meteorological drought. Such predictions are especially urgent under a climate change scenario where earlier phenology and water scarcity are increasingly frequent. By utilizing a calibration data set provided by 25 vineyards observed in the Emilia Romagna Region for two years (2021–2022), the above stages were predicted as per the binary event classification paradigm and selection of the best fitting algorithm based on the comparison between several metrics. The seasonal vineyard water balance was calculated by subtracting daily bare or grassed soil evapotranspiration (ETs) and canopy transpiration (Tc) from the initial water soil reservoir. The daily canopy water use was estimated through a multiple, non-linear (quadratic) regression model employing three independent variables defined as total direct light, vapor pressure deficit and total canopy light interception, whereas ETS was entered as direct readings taken with a closed-type chamber system. Regardless of the phenological stage, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model minimized the prediction error, which was determined as the root mean square error (RMSE) and found to be 5.6, 2.3 and 8.3 days for budburst, flowering and veraison, respectively. The accuracy of the drought warnings, which were categorized as mild (yellow code) or severe (red code), was assessed by comparing them to in situ readings of leaf gas exchange and water status, which were found to be correct in 9 out of a total of 14 case studies. Regardless of the geolocation of a vineyard and starting from basic in situ or online weather data and elementary vineyard and soil characteristics, the tool can provide phenology forecasts and early warnings of meteorological drought with no need for fixed, bulky and expensive sensors to measure soil or plant water status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

A sensorless, Big Data based approach for phenology and meteorological drought forecasting in vineyards

Canavera,

Magnanini,

Lanzillotta

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Water stress can cause changes in vine growth and development, such as a reduction in pruning weight [ 39 ], photosynthesis, or leaf conductance [ 40 ]. In our study, the inter-row soil cultivation methods had significant impacts on both soil properties and plant traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth and Soil Water Content Changes under Different Inter-Row Soil Management Methods in a Sloping Vineyard

Horel

Zsigmond

2023

Plants

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The main objective of this study was to investigate soil–plant–water interactions based on field measurements of plant reflectance and soil water content (SWC) in different inter-row managed sloping vineyards. The following three different soil management applications were studied: tilled (T), cover crops (CC), and permanent grass (NT) inter-rows. We measured SWCs within the row and between rows of vines. Each investigated row utilized 7 to 10 measurement points along the slope. Topsoil SWC and temperature, leaf NDVI and chlorophyll concentrations and leaf area index (LAI) were measured every two weeks over the vegetation period (May to November) using handheld instruments. We found that management method and slope position can significantly affect the soil’s physical and chemical properties, such as clay or soil organic carbon contents. Cover crops in the inter-row significantly reduced average SWC. The in-row average topsoil SWCs and temperatures were lower in all study sites compared to the values measured in between rows. Significantly higher SWCs were observed for the upper points compared to the lower ones for CC and T treatments (58.0 and 60.9%, respectively), while the opposite was noted for NT. Grassed inter-row grapevines had significantly lower leaf chlorophyll content than the other inter-row managed sites (p < 0.001). The highest average leaf chlorophyll contents were observed in the T vineyard (16.89 CCI). Based on slope positions, the most distinguishable difference was observed for the CC: 27.7% higher chlorophyll values were observed at the top of the slope compared to the grapevine leaves at the bottom of the slope (p < 0.01). The leaf NDVI values were not as profoundly influenced by slope position in the vineyard as the chlorophyll values were. For overall LAI values, the T treatment had significantly lower values compared to NT and CC (p < 0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between NDVI and LAI and soil nitrogen and carbon content. In general, we found that both inter-row management and slope position can significantly influence soil parameters and affect plant growth, and consequently can accelerate plant stress under sub-optimal environmental conditions such as prolonged drought.

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“…Although ETo was lower in treatments F1 and F2 during the period analyzed, the volume of water consumed was higher than that in NF (Table 2). Tis efect was due to the fact that the canopies were more active during the summer period of higher evapotranspiration demand (July to September) with young leaves with a higher photosynthetic rate compared to NF canopies [65,66]. In addition, the intercepted fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was equal or higher in the case of C-F1 compared to C-NF (data not shown), which increases the water requirements of the vine [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Crop Forcing Technique and Irrigation Strategy on the Ripening of Tempranillo Grapes in a Semiarid Climate

Lavado

Uriarte

Mancha

et al. 2023

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims. High temperatures during grape ripening have a negative effect on the winemaking characteristics of musts. The crop forcing technique delays ripening to a period when temperatures are lower. The objective of this study is to provide information to winemakers and grape growers on how the delay in ripening caused by crop forcing can affect berry performance. Methods and Results. This study of 3 growing seasons (2017–2019) analyzes the effect of this technique in a vineyard of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo in Extremadura, together with two irrigation strategies. The grapevines were forced 4 and 22 days after anthesis (F1 and F2, respectively), compared to a treatment without crop forcing techniques (NF). Each treatment was subjected to two irrigation strategies: to cover the water needs of the plants (C) and deficit irrigation during preveraison (RI). Crop forcing delayed the harvest between 32 and 56 days on average in relation to NF. Crop forcing and irrigation strategy modified berry composition at harvest: C-F1 and C-F2 had higher total polyphenol and anthocyanin concentrations, total acidity, malic acid content, and lower pH relative to C-NF; RI-NF increased total anthocyanin concentration and pH and decreased titratable acidity value. Conclusions. Crop forcing is able to delay grape ripening to lower temperature periods. This is a promising technique for restoring the coupling between phenolic and technological ripeness. The combination of both crop forcing and deficit irrigation strategy maintains the berry quality while improving water use efficiency. Significance of the Study. The present work shows how the “crop-forcing” technique is effective in modifying the relationship between different parameters that determine the characteristics of berries throughout ripening as a raw material for winemaking, compared to vines with traditional winter pruning, under different irrigation strategies.To the memory of Jordi Marsal

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Interactions of Crop Level and Late Season Water Stress on Growth and Physiology of Field-Grown Concord Grapevines

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

A sensorless, Big Data based approach for phenology and meteorological drought forecasting in vineyards

A sensorless, Big Data based approach for phenology and meteorological drought forecasting in vineyards

Plant Growth and Soil Water Content Changes under Different Inter-Row Soil Management Methods in a Sloping Vineyard

Assessment of the Crop Forcing Technique and Irrigation Strategy on the Ripening of Tempranillo Grapes in a Semiarid Climate

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