Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the mucus layer in the colon

Cai, Rui; Chen, Cheng; Chen, Jianwei; Xu, Xiaoqiang; Ding, Chao; Gu, Bing

doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1735606

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(93 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Microbiota can play a key role in the development of CRC by altering the bacterial composition of the intestine (dysbiosis), high production of some bacterial enzymes, changes in the distribution of bacterial communities and alteration in bacterial metabolic activity [ 82 , 83 ]. On the other hand, some of the components of the microbiota control the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and their proliferation, growth and development of the epithelial barrier, make strong apical bonds, protect against strains of pathogens, fermentation of carbohydrates indigestible for the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), bile acid metabolism and destruction of carcinogens in the diet in protection against cancer [ 84 – 87 ]. Many factors can alter the microenvironments of the digestive tract and consequently the bacterial flora, such as consumption of antibiotics, mental and physical stressors, radiation, and diet [ 88 ].…”

Section: Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The dysbiosis signature of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer-cause or consequences? A systematic review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer globally and the fourth attributable cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer. An emerging factor contributing to CRC is the gut microbiota and the cellular changes associated with it. Further insights on this may help in the prevention, diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches to colorectal cancer. In most cases of CRC, genetic factors appear to contribute less to its aetiology than environmental and epigenetic factors; therefore, it may be important to investigate these environmental factors, their effects, and the mechanisms that may contribute to this cancer. The gut microbiota has recently been highlighted as a potential risk factor that may affect the structural components of the tumor microenvironment, as well as free radical and enzymatic metabolites directly, or indirectly. Many studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer. What is controversial is whether the cancer is the cause or consequence of the change in the microbiota. There is strong evidence supporting both possibilities. The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in human colorectal specimens has been demonstrated by RNA-sequencing. F. nucleatum has been shown to express high levels of virulence factors such as FadA, Fap2 and MORN2 proteins. Our review of the published data suggest that F. nucleatum may be a prognostic biomarker of CRC risk, and hence raises the potential of antibiotic treatment of F. nucleatum for the prevention of CRC.

show abstract

Section: Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The dysbiosis signature of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer-cause or consequences? A systematic review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The inner layer is impervious to bacteria and forms a barrier that separates microorganisms from the epithelium. It is also responsible for rehydration, regeneration and acts as a shield against digestive enzymes [7]. Just as in the small intestine, the outer mucus layer of the colon is less dense and unattached to the intestinal wall.…”

Section: The Structure Of the Intestinal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Overview

Binienda

Twardowska

Makaro

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the effects of dietary carbohydrates and lipids on the pathophysiology of leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Alterations in intestinal barrier permeability may lead to serious gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. LGS is caused by intestinal hyperpermeability due to changes in the expression levels and functioning of tight junctions. The influence of dietary habits on intestinal physiology is clearly visible in incidence rates of intestinal diseases in industrial and developing countries. Diseases which are linked to intestinal hyperpermeability tend to localize to Westernized countries, where a diet rich in fats and refined carbohydrates predominates. Several studies suggest that fructose is one of the key carbohydrates involved in the regulation of the intestinal permeability and its overuse may cause harmful effects, such as tight junction protein dysfunction. On the other hand, short chain fatty acids (mainly butyrate) at appropriate concentrations may lead to the reduction of intestinal permeability, which is beneficial in LGS. However, long chain fatty acids, including n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have unclear properties. Some of those behave as components untightening and tightening the intestinal membrane.

show abstract

“…Of note, intestinal microorganisms play an important role in colonic in ammation and the development of colon cancer, and intestinal mucosal barrier injury is a key initiator for intestinal microorganisms to promote the development of colon cancer [8,9]. Once the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is damaged, the bacteria and their metabolites in the intestinal lumen translocate to the intestinal lamina propria through the space between the epithelial cells and triggerthe adaptive immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthraquinone Laxative-Altered Gut Microbiota Induces Colonic Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction for Colorectal Cancer Progression

Wei

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The safety of anthraquinone laxatives has been controversial. Previously, a few scattered studies have revealed that anthraquinones can cause the damage to the structure of colonic epithelial tissue, and long-term intake of anthraquinone laxatives increase the colorectal cancer risks. In this study, we focused on sennoside A, a primary purgative component in anthraquinone laxatives, and investigated the effects of sennoside A on intestinal inflammation, host metabolism, and whether it can exacerbate the colitis-associated colon cancer in the AOM/DSS mouse model. Results: Initially, sennoside A disrupted the mucus layer and mechanical barrier of the colon. The dynamic effects of sennoside A on the community structure of gut microbiota were futher anlyazed. We found sennoside A significantly promoted the dominant growth of Akkermansia muciniphila after continuous treatment for 56 days, which was independent of the prototype of sennoside A and its metabolites, including the main host metabolite rhein and bacteria metabolites. Interestingly, sennoside A suppressed the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria, thereby decreasing the butyrate levels. Besides, sennoside A directly inhibited the growth of Clostridium tyrobutyrate and Clostridium butyricum, which was not caused by the prototype of sennoside A , but the direct bacteriostatic effect produced from its metaboliterhein. Lastly, supplement with butyrate prevented sennoside A-induced gut dysbiosis and mucus barrier impairment. Conclusions: our work reveals that sennoside A can impair the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, which is closely related to the disruption of the structural balance between mucus-degrading bacteria and exogenous fibro-degrading bacteria, inducing long term low-grade inflammation, metabolic disorders associated with tumorigenesis, and consequently promoting the progression of colonic carcinogenesis in the AOM/DSS mouse model.

show abstract

Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the mucus layer in the colon

Cited by 60 publications

References 88 publications

The dysbiosis signature of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer-cause or consequences? A systematic review

The dysbiosis signature of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer-cause or consequences? A systematic review

Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Overview

Anthraquinone Laxative-Altered Gut Microbiota Induces Colonic Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction for Colorectal Cancer Progression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About