Interactions of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis in Sustainable Agriculture

The interactive effects of plant microbial symbionts: a review and meta-analysis

“…In general, interactive plant response ratios were not different from the additive expectations predicted from the meta-analysis. In the case of mycorrhizal and nitrogenfixing associations, the lack of an interactive effect is especially surprising, as the co-occurrence of symbionts providing non-equivalent essential resources, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, are expected to demonstrate synergistic interactive effects (Barea et al 2005). Rather, while mycorrhizal and nitrogen-fixing symbionts were often independently beneficial, plants associating with each of these symbionts tended to underperform when analyzing across all studies.…”

Microbiological process in agroforestry systems. A review

“…The widespread presence of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi in nodulated legumes and the role of AM fungi in improving nodulation and rhizobial activity within the nodules are both universally recognized processes (Barea et al 2005). AM fungi and rhizobia are two of the most important plant symbionts; they play a key role in natural ecosystems and influence plant productivity, plant nutrition, and plant disease resistance (Demir and Akkopru 2007).…”

Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets

“…Perhaps fortuitously, the mycorrhizal fungi that are known to form associations with more than 80 % of plant species often enhance nutrient and water uptake. Soil microbes are able to enhance the amounts of root exudates resulting in the activation of AM hyphae and hence higher rate of root colonization (Barea et al 2005 ). Production of EPS by PGPB signifi cantly enhances the attachment of bacteria to mycorrhizal roots and AM fungal structures that infl uence the movement of bacteria in the rhizosphere (Bianciotto et al 2001 ).…”

“…It is generally accepted that more than 60 % of the N input to plants has a biological origin and more than 30 % of the biological N input to plants is due to the activity of symbiotic plantbacteria systems (Barea et al 2005 ). By supplying combined nitrogen to plants, microbes forming association contribute to plant health and productivity in agricultural and forest soils.…”