Interactions of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals with Natural Organic Matter and Black Carbon in Environmental Particles

Pignatello, Joseph J.

doi:10.1002/9780470944479.ch1

Cited by 24 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…Soil organic matter consists of a diversity of components with various molecular weights, functional groups and polarities, which control the dynamics of contaminants in the soil through hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions or the formation of chemical bonds (Pignatello 2011;Pignatello 2012;Chen et al 2017;Bejger et al 2018;Ukalska-Jaruga et al 2018). According to Pignatello (2011Pignatello ( , 2012, the main components of SOM are humic substances (HS) and black carbon (BC), and based on their molecular structure, they may significantly impact PAH concentration. Humic substances are defined as the organic substances remaining after biomass transformation and include three colloidal fractions: fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA) and humins (HN) (Stevenson 1994;Tan 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humic substances are defined as the organic substances remaining after biomass transformation and include three colloidal fractions: fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA) and humins (HN) (Stevenson 1994;Tan 2014). Black carbon consists of exogenous carbonaceous by-products containing char, charcoal and soot from natural fires, land clearing, crop residue burning and fossil fuel combustion (Bucheli et al 2004;Pignatello 2011Pignatello , 2012Hamilton and Hartnett 2013;Liu et al 2011;Luo et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2018

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Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the mutual relations between the soil organic matter (SOM) fractions: fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA), humins (HN), black carbon (BC) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) accumulation level in agricultural soils influenced by historical and actual anthropopressure. The research allowed to indicate which fractions of SOM are the major sequestration sinks for PAHs after they are naturally introduced into the soil. Materials and methods Soil samples were collected from the upper layer of agricultural soils (n = 41), and basic physicochemical properties (pH KCl , total carbon, total nitrogen and clay content) were determined. The SOM was characterised by the total organic carbon content and humic substances, including HA, FA and HN, determined by an adapted method recommended by the International Humic Substances Society. The extracts of HA and FA were analysed for carbon content using a liquid CN analyser, while HN constituted the soil carbon in the residue after FA and HA extraction. The content of BC was analysed by dry combustion at 375°C for 24 h (CTO375); the remaining carbon was determined via combustion in an elemental analyser. Results and discussion In all soils, significant positive relations between PAH concentrations and TOC content (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) as well as HN (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and BC (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) were noted. Relations among PAHs, HN and BC were statistically significant only in soils with TOC content ≥ 12 g kg −1 , while they were not observed for soils with TOC content < 12 g kg −1. The links between HN and PAHs were stronger for low-molecular (two and three rings)-weight PAHs (r = 0.77, p < 0.05) than for high-molecular (≥ four rings) PAHs (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). Contrary to HN, the BC faction showed higher correlations with high-molecular-weight PAHs (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). FA and HA showed no significant relationship with hydrocarbons. Conclusions Different SOM fractions might possess divergent binding capabilities and dissimilar binding strengths to PAHs. The different proportions and sorption capacities of BC and HN in relation to PAHs of different molecular weight are the result of varying structure, i.e. polar and non-polar functionalities in sorption domains and pore-size structures of these fractions. The high correlation between BC and higher-molecular PAHs may be a result of their co-emission, while the stronger relationships between HN and lower-molecular PAHs are directly related to their higher mobility and easier diffusion to stable SOM fractions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2018

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“…Sorption may be categorized by the type of intermolecular forces that characterize the sorbate-immobile phase interaction: chemisorption, physisorption, and ion exchange (Kah et al 2017). Physisorption included adsorption and absorption have the greatest importance in the phenomena of PAHs retaining by SOM and ERCM structures (Pignatello 2011). Adsorption is mainly related with the association of PAH molecule at the surface of the solid biochar particles whose atomic/molecular lattice cannot be penetrated by contaminants.…”

Section: Effect Of Ercm-biochar On Pah Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption is mainly related with the association of PAH molecule at the surface of the solid biochar particles whose atomic/molecular lattice cannot be penetrated by contaminants. Absorption concerns the intermingling/dissolution of a molecule within the atomic molecular lattice of a solid and is mainly related to the binding of PAHs by SOM structures (Pignatello 2011;Pignatello 2012;Kah et al 2017). The PAH sorption to SOM is usually described by the dual-model sorption concept (Schaumann 2006a, b;Pignatello 2012).…”

Section: Effect Of Ercm-biochar On Pah Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this theory, SOM is assumed to be composed of two domains, one displaying linear and non-competitive absorption or partitioning (non-carbonized organic matter) while the other showing non-linear, extensive, and competitive surface adsorption (carbonized organic matter) (Schaumann 2006a, b; Pignatello 2012). Adsorption to ERCM may encompass several qualitatively different processes: (1) the resting of molecules on discrete surface sites, (2) the partitioning of molecules into an order microscopic hydratation phase near the surface, (3) the condensation of the PAHs molecules into a liquid-like state in small pores, and (4) the layering of molecules on the surfaces of water films that coat ERCM (Pignatello 2011). Likewise, absorption PAHs to SOM may involve residence of some molecules within closed pores and/ or at specific molecule scale sites within the phase.…”

Section: Effect Of Ercm-biochar On Pah Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissipation and sorption processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to organic matter in soils amended by exogenous rich-carbon material

2019

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Purpose The aim of the research was to assess the effect of biochar addition on aging, degradation, and sorption processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to soil organic matter. The study was carried out as a sorption experiment in strictly controlled water and air conditions, which allowed for the accurate observation and prediction of PAH behavior in soils. Materials and methods Four soils were fortified with a PAH mixture (Fluorene-Flu, Anthracene-Ant, Phenanthrene-Phe, Pyrene-Pyr, Chrysene-Chry) at 20 mg kg −1 of single-compound concentration level. The experiment was carried out in two trials: soils + 5PAHs amended with biochar and soil + 5PAHs without biochar addition with incubation times of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. After each interval time, the extractable (E-SOM) and stable organic matter (S-SOM) were measured as well as PAHs determined in two forms: total concentration (PAH-tot) and residual concentration (PAH-rest) after E-SOM extraction. The PAH loss and halflife times were estimated according to pseudo first-order kinetics equation. Results and discussion The amounts of PAH-tot in the soils without biochar decreased by an average of 92%, while in soil with biochar, this was 41% after 9 months of aging. The amount of PAHs-rest bounded with S-SOM after 9 months of incubation varied from 0.9 to 3.5% and 0.2 to 1.3% of the initial PAH concentration, respectively, for soils non-induced and induced by biochar. In soils without biochar, Flu, Ant, Phe, and Pyr exhibited similar T 1/2 (43-59 days), but Chry was characterized by a much higher and broader T 1/2 than other hydrocarbons (67-280 days). Biochar addition to the soils significantly influenced the half-life changes for all PAHs. The highest changes were noted for Phe (14-fold increase), and the lowest was for Flu (7-fold increase). Conclusions The addition of exogenous-rich carbon material such as biochar to the soil significantly changes the behavior and sorption potential of PAHs in the soil. Soils enriched with biochar are characterized by a higher persistence of PAHs, longer aging time, and lower affinity for sorption by native organic matter structures. Soils freshly polluted by PAH are mainly sorbed by E-SOM, which significantly increases their accessibility and reduces formation of bound-residues in the soil.

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Cd(II) and Zn(II) adsorption on lignite‐derived humic substances and cattle manure biochar

Zhao,

Naeth

2024

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Excessive industrial release of trace elements may pose a great risk to the environment. Conventional remediation treatments have considerable limitations, making less expensive new technologies an important research area. Batch experiments were conducted at room temperature to investigate the use of two lignite‐derived humic products (nano‐humus and humic powder) and a cattle manure biochar as adsorbents in the removal of cadmium and zinc from laboratory synthesized water. Nano‐humus was most effective in adsorbing Cd(II), wherein 89% adsorption was rapidly achieved in 15 min. The adsorbed amount of Cd(II) and Zn(II) both increased with initial metal ion concentrations from 25 to 125 mg L−1. Despite being produced from the same sources, nano‐humus and humic powder showed different properties and adsorption behaviors. The adsorption mechanism of nano‐humus followed the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, indicating multilayer chemisorption. Humic powder followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, although it had a low isotherm model fit, implying chemisorption‐dominated adsorption. Cattle manure biochar followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐first‐order kinetics model, suggesting diffusion‐dominated multilayer adsorption. Of the three adsorbents tested, nano‐humus had greatest potential as an effective and inexpensive material for metal remediation.

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Interactions of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals with Natural Organic Matter and Black Carbon in Environmental Particles

Cited by 24 publications

References 264 publications

Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Soil organic matter composition as a factor affecting the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Dissipation and sorption processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to organic matter in soils amended by exogenous rich-carbon material

Cd(II) and Zn(II) adsorption on lignite‐derived humic substances and cattle manure biochar

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