Interactions of 300-GeV protons with tungsten and chromium

Florian, J.; Lee, M. Y.; Lord, J. J.; Martin, J. W.; Wilkes, R. J.; Gibbs, R. E.; Kirkpatrick, Larry D.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.13.558

Cited by 42 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 2, for the very forward tracks (large t/), as well as for the very backward tracks (small t/), the s-particle angular distribution for P-Ag, Br and Pb is inconsistent with that for pp interaction. For the collisions of 300Ge-V/c protons with tungsten [6,7] a disagreement of these distributions at small angles was not observed. This disagreement becomes more obvious from the dependence of…”

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confidence: 62%

Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei

et al. 1978

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The central collisions of 70 GeV/c protons with Ag, Br and Pb nuclei have been studied, with the help of BR-2 photoemulsion and emulsion of the same constitution loaded with Pb nuclei. It is shown that the average multiplicity of produced particles (s-particles) increases slowly with increasing the atomic weight of the target nucleus. The ratio of the average multiplicity for these particles to the average charged particle multiplicity for protonproton interactions equals 3.2 for p-Ag, Br and 3.5 for p-Pb. The average multiplicities of particles from nuclear disintegration with energies for protons from 26 up to 400 MeV (gparticles) are 14.2_+0.8 for p-Ag, Br and 23.0_+ 1.0 for p-Pb corresponding to the emission of about half of all nucleons from the nucleus at the first rapid stage of interaction. The difference of the s-particle pseudorapidity distributions for p-Ag, Br, Pb and p-p interactions at pseudorapidities larger than 4.2 can be explained by successive interactions of the incident proton with nucleus nucleons.Recently there have been intense experimental and theoretical efforts to study inelastic hadron-nucleus collisions. Experiments with nuclei as targets offer the unique opportunity for studying the space-time development of the particle production process. Also, there has been great interest to investigate the nucleus excitation and disintegration mechanisms, particularly the shock wave model. Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei are suitable for such investigations. In this case the incident particle traverses the nucleus diameter. The central collisions of 70GeV/c protons with Ag l~ Br s~ and Pb 2~ nuclei have been studied in our work. Two types of emulsion were used: standard one BR-2 and another emulsion of the same constitution loaded with Pb nuclei by special technique at the High Energy Laboratory of JINR. Our statistics is 147 events. Nearly one half of these events is p-Ag, Br interactions and the other half p-Pb. Stars, having the number of heavily ionizing tracks N h > 28 in standard emulsion plates, were selected as central collisions with Ag, Br. In [1] it is shown that in these events a complete destruction of the target nucleus takes place and there is no observable residual nucleus with a measurable mass. The average value of the total charge of h-particles per event =41. The stars, having N h > 40 in loaded emulsion plates, were picked as central collisions with Pb (for these stars =62). The average multiplicities and the median angles 0 m for the generated particles (s-particles, relativistic particles) and particles from nucleus disintegration with energies for protons from 26 up to 400MeV (gparticles) are summarized in Table 1.

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confidence: 62%

Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei

et al. 1978

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“…The discrimination of the effective target in a certain interaction can not be directly. Depending on the heavily ionizing target fragment multiplicity, Florian's method [51] is applied in target separation. A detailed example of the target separation was explained widely in [47].…”

Section: Photographic Nuclear Emulsion Detector and Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

System size dependence of final state hadron sources atE_lab= 3.7 A GeV

Abdelsalam

El–Nagdy

Badawy

et al. 2020

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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3.7 A GeV 4He, 16O, and 32S beams from Dubna Synchrophasotron interacting in nuclear emulsion are used. The final state hadrons are approached by the produced shower particles. The dependence on the system size is examined. The data are discriminated according to the emission in the forward and backward zones over the 4π space. Minimum biased samples of events corresponding to average impact parameters are selected randomly. The data are compared to a simulation based on the modified FRITIOF event generator, implementing the Lund model string dynamics. The multiplicity characteristics present an overview of the parameters obtained when the distributions are fitted by the multisource thermal model. The forward emitted shower particles are suggested to be created in hadronization system due to multisource superposition. The backward emitted ones mostly result from target nucleus decay source in the framework of the limiting fragmentation hypothesis. Empirical parameterizations based primarily on fitting procedures are undertaken to fulfill the universality of some uniform relationships. Systematic uncertainties are estimated in terms of standard deviation within errors.

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“…For the nucleon-nucleus collisions, there is a simple relation between ν and w w = ν + 1 (1) but no such type of relation exist for the nucleus-nucleus collisions. Motivated by the data available on nucleon-nucleus (N − A) interactions, 16 the average multiplicity follows approxi-3/50 mately the formulan…”

Section: Wounded Nucleon Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charged Hadron Multiplicity Distribution at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Colliders

Kumar

Srivastava

Singh

et al. 2013

Advances in High Energy Physics

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The present article reviews facts and problems concerning charge hadron production in high energy collisions. Main emphasis is laid on the qualitative and quantitative description of general characteristics and properties observed for charged hadrons produced in such high energy collisions. Various features of available experimental data e.g., the variations of charged hadron multiplicity and pseudo-rapidity density with the mass number of colliding nuclei, center-of-mass energies and the collision centrality obtained from heavy-ion collider experiments are interpreted in the context of various theoretical concepts and their implications. Finally, several important scaling features observed in the measurements mainly at RHIC and LHC experiments are highlighted in the view of these models to draw some insight regarding the particle production mechanism in heavy-ion collisions.

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Interactions of 300-GeV protons with tungsten and chromium

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei

Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei

System size dependence of final state hadron sources atE_lab= 3.7 A GeV

Charged Hadron Multiplicity Distribution at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Colliders

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Interactions of 300-GeV protons with tungsten and chromium

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei

Central collisions of fast particles with heavy nuclei

System size dependence of final state hadron sources atElab= 3.7 A GeV

Charged Hadron Multiplicity Distribution at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Colliders

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System size dependence of final state hadron sources atE_lab= 3.7 A GeV