Interactions in the Deep Sea

Allcock, A. Louise; Johnson, Mark P.

doi:10.1017/9781108235792.020

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The symbiotic association with octocorals seems to be related to the advantages of the morphologically enhanced feeding of gorgonians that, when rising from the bottom, are oriented with the flow of water to maximize the capture of food from the water that flows through their polyps. This is believed to benefit the diverse assembly of facultative and potentially obligated symbionts of octocorals (Buhl-Mortensen et al, 2010;Allcock and Johnson, 2019). Additionally, it is believed that some symbionts could receive passive protection against predation from the defense system of octocorals through secondary metabolites (Watling et al, 2011;Allcock and Johnson, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is believed to benefit the diverse assembly of facultative and potentially obligated symbionts of octocorals (Buhl-Mortensen et al, 2010;Allcock and Johnson, 2019). Additionally, it is believed that some symbionts could receive passive protection against predation from the defense system of octocorals through secondary metabolites (Watling et al, 2011;Allcock and Johnson, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Callogorgia spp. and Their Brittle Stars: Recording Unknown Relationships in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

2021

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The habitat formed by the Callogorgia species, with their abundance and colony sizes, provides an important refuge for a variety of brittle stars which are recognized as the epibionts of octocorals in both shallow and deep environments. In such a relationship, ophiurans benefit directly from being elevated because they facilitate their feeding by suspension, while octocorals do not seem to benefit or be harmed. During three different expeditions developed in the Colombian Pacific from 2012 to 2013 and in the Caribbean Sea during 1998 and 2012 by the INVEMAR - Marine and Coastal Research institute, different samplings were carried out on soft bottoms through trawls with an epibenthic net. For the Pacific Ocean, 33 fragments of the octocoral Callogorgia cf. galapagensis Cairns, 2018 with 178 specimens of the ophiuroid Astrodia cf. excavata (Lütken and Mortensen, 1899) were found in two stations at depths 530 and 668 m. Considering the abundance of A. cf excavata, other biological characters such as size, presence of mature gonads, and evidence of arm regeneration were also detailed. In contrast, in the Caribbean Sea, Callogorgia gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857) was found with ophiuroids belonging to the genera Asteroschema and Ophiomitra. The octocoral Callogorgia americana (Cairns and Bayer, 2002) was also found, but without associated brittle stars. These findings constituted the first specific association reported in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and new relationships for the Caribbean Sea. This further reflected a possible specific association between the Callogorgia and Astrodia species that needed to be further explored. Thus, the Callogorgia species and the brittle star A. cf. excavata represented new records for the Colombian Pacific Ocean and the southern Caribbean Sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Callogorgia spp. and Their Brittle Stars: Recording Unknown Relationships in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

2021

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“…Known interactions between the size classes include competition for resources, predationtypically from larger organisms on small organisms (Ólafsson, 2003;Nascimento et al, 2011) but there are some cases of meiofauna predating on larval macrofauna (Watzin, 1983), symbiosis and parasitism (Allcock and Johnson, 2019), and bioturbation (Lohrer et al, 2004).…”

Section: Inter-size Class Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of deep-sea benthic communities to turbidity flows following the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake

Bigham

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<p><strong>Sediment density flows are complex events that contain multiple flow types which can transport massive amounts of sediment across large distances. In this thesis, the term “turbidity flow” will mainly be used to refer to these events. Turbidity flows are believed to have profound and lasting impacts on benthic communities in the deep sea, with hypothesised effects on both productivity and diversity. To better understand these large-scale disturbances, the physical characteristics of turbidity flows and the mechanisms by which they influence deep-sea benthic communities are reviewed. In addition, data from turbidity flows that occurred hundreds to thousands of years ago as well as three more recent events were compiled and analysed to assess support for published hypotheses (Chapter 1). A canyon-flushing event in Kaikōura Canyon, New Zealand, triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake, included significant submarine mass wasting, debris, and turbidity flows, and provided an opportunity to investigate the effects of this disturbance. The mega- (Chapter 2), macro- (Chapter 3), and meiofauna (Chapter 4) community structure, abundance, biomass, and diversity before and after the event were analysed in a time series of imagery and sediment cores. The results showed that all fauna dramatically decreased 10 weeks after the turbidity flow event, and by 4 years after the disturbance the benthic communities were similar to, but not yet the same as, the pre-event communities. The minimum threshold time for each size component of the benthic community to recover was estimated, with macrofauna projected to take the longest to recover (5.6-6.7 years), and megafauna and meiofauna estimated to recover in a similar time period (4.6-5.2 years, and 4.6-5.0 years, respectively). Community recovery was investigated in relation to changes in the physical characteristics of the habitat caused by the disturbance, using environmental variables from images and bathymetric variables (Chapter 2) and sediment cores (Chapter 3 and 4). For the megafauna community, bioturbation was identified as a key explanatory variable, while sediment fineness and food quantity were key for macrofauna, and food quantity along with the food quality variables were key for meiofauna. The implications of the resilience of the deep-sea benthic community in Kaikōura Canyon are discussed in the context of the local marine protected area, the surrounding fishery, and global seabed mining (Chapter 2, 3, and 4). Key findings from the preceding chapters were synthesised, and their implications for the previously published hypotheses and future research were discussed (Chapter 5).</strong></p>

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Interactions in the Deep Sea

Cited by 2 publications

References 103 publications

Callogorgia spp. and Their Brittle Stars: Recording Unknown Relationships in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

Callogorgia spp. and Their Brittle Stars: Recording Unknown Relationships in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

Resilience of deep-sea benthic communities to turbidity flows following the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake

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