“…The feature of the earth's boundary that first comes to mind is the above-ground structure (AGS), often termed topography [56,21,19,14,4,16,20,24,25,27,32,34,42,43,47,48,57,64,65,73,75,79,111,118,119,135,171,181,183,195,216,265,279,282,283,305,322,325,344,371,383,227,228,229,327,285,270,215,85,106,225...…”