Interactions between thymic endothelial cells and thymocytes are influenced by growth hormone

Lins, Marvin Paulo; Viana, Iana Mayane Mendes Nicácio; Smaniotto, Salete; Reis, Marlon M.

doi:10.1080/08977194.2021.1924699

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Also, thymocyte adhesion to GH-treated TECs is upregulated, and exposure of these cells to anti-GH antibodies or anti-ECM abolished the effect ( 116 ). Moreover, GH increased the adhesive capacity of thymocytes to fibronectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Protein 1 (VCAM-1), as well as on thymic endothelial cells ( 112 , 117 , 118 ). Responsiveness of the thymic endothelium to GH can also be seen by the mitogenic effect of GH upon these cells, together with changes in their morphology and increased deposition of fibronectin and laminin ( 119 ).…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further in vitro studies revealed an improvement in the deposition of fibronectin by these endothelial cells when co-cultured with GH-pretreated thymocytes. In a transendothelial cell migration assay, large numbers of GH-treated thymocytes, mainly the mature CD4 - CD8 + subset, migrated through the thymic endothelium following IGF-1 stimulation ( 117 ).…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Murine and human TECs express the IGF-1 receptor and produce IGF-1 in response to GH stimulation ( 110 ). This factor also influences the production of thymic hormones and extracellular matrix molecules by TECs and stimulates a mitogenic response and the production of IL-6 by thymocytes ( 117 ). CXCL12 and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) expression was increased in both cTECs and mTECs after IGF-1 administration ( 123 ).…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CXCL12 and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) expression was increased in both cTECs and mTECs after IGF-1 administration ( 123 ). IGF-1 also favors adhesion and acts as a chemoattractant, inducing thymocyte migration ( 116 , 117 ). Also, as mentioned above, the GH effects on cultured human TEC can be prevented by anti-IGF-1 and anti-IGF-1 receptor antibodies ( 116 ).…”

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrathymic somatotropic circuitry: consequences upon thymus involution

et al. 2023

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Growth hormone (GH) is a classic pituitary-derived hormone crucial to body growth and metabolism. In the pituitary gland, GH production is stimulated by GH-releasing hormone and inhibited by somatostatin. GH secretion can also be induced by other peptides, such as ghrelin, which interacts with receptors present in somatotropic cells. It is well established that GH acts directly on target cells or indirectly by stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly IGF-1. Notably, such somatotropic circuitry is also involved in the development and function of immune cells and organs, including the thymus. Interestingly, GH, IGF-1, ghrelin, and somatostatin are expressed in the thymus in the lymphoid and microenvironmental compartments, where they stimulate the secretion of soluble factors and extracellular matrix molecules involved in the general process of intrathymic T-cell development. Clinical trials in which GH was used to treat immunocompromised patients successfully recovered thymic function. Additionally, there is evidence that the reduction in the function of the somatotropic axis is associated with age-related thymus atrophy. Treatment with GH, IGF-1 or ghrelin can restore thymopoiesis of old animals, thus in keeping with a clinical study showing that treatment with GH, associated with metformin and dehydroepiandrosterone, could induce thymus regeneration in healthy aged individuals. In conclusion, the molecules of the somatotrophic axis can be envisioned as potential therapeutic targets for thymus regeneration in age-related or pathological thymus involution.

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Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pleiotropic Effects Of Gh Igf-1 Ghrelin and Somatostatin Upo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrathymic somatotropic circuitry: consequences upon thymus involution

et al. 2023

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“…Получены данные о том, что СТГ не только усиливает пролиферацию ТЭК (тимические эпителиальные клетки) и тимоцитов, но и ускоряет миграцию последних через экстрацеллюлярный матрикс, повышает проникновение предшественников Т-клеток в тимус, усиливает поступление незрелых тимоцитов к клеткам-«нянькам» и выход из них (что обусловлено и действием ИФР-1), регулирует экспорт из тимуса зрелых тимоцитов [1,14,39,41,42,44,48]. Продемонстрировано положительное действие ГР на взаимодействие тимоцитов / эндотелия тимуса, включая трансэндотелиальную миграцию [34].…”

Section: тимус и гормоны соматотропной осиunclassified

Thymic gland aspects in childhood: morpho-functional reciprocal relationships betwen thymus, nervous and endocrine system, in particular, with the somatotrophic axis hormones

et al. 2023

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Thymic gland (thymus) represents a huge mystery for biology, medicine (primarily immunology), including pediatric issues. Complexity of the study is determined by the multiplicity of integral connections of thymus with other components of immune system, neuroendocrine, hematopoietic systems, connective tissue, different organs and cells which provide appropriate barrier function. Discerning the direct thymic function from this continuum, or determining specific role of molecular factors (neuropeptides, growth hormone, etc.) upon the immune physiology represents a problem which is not yet resolved. In this review article dedicated to the current state of the problem, we consider the morphological and functional relationships between thymus, neuroendocrine system and, in particular, with hormones of the somatotropic axis. These interactions may also manifest by clinical heterogeneity which may be associated with impaired morphogenesis (organogenesis) at a very early stage of embryogenesis; namely, under the influence of gene family that determine the fate of each segment of the embryo-Hox genes which control the expression of other, functionally interconnected genes. Previously, T lymphocytes produced by the thymus and brain neurons have been shown to express the same antigen (Thy antigen), which was considered a specific antigen of T lymphocytes. A common molecular language, mediated by the molecules of intercellular interaction, was revealed which is used for the signal exchange between the cells, tissues and organs regulating the three mentioned systems (nervous, endocrine and immune). The interest of pediatricians in this field is associated with definite concept of human ontogenesis, from birth to elderly age, with thymic gland playing the main role, since antenatal period to early childhood. The main line of reasoning in this research area is not only theoretical, but also important from practical point of view. Since any critical involution of the thymus is accompanied by reduced number of produced and exported cells, a hormone-based therapy may be an alternative strategy to restore the organ by increasing thymocyte proliferation, and exporting mature T cells to peripheral lymphoid organs. Great opportunities have been opened in clinical immunology due to development of effective epistemological methods, e.g., genetic knock-out, transgenic animal models with human stem cell transfer, transplantation of hematopoietic and immunopoietic cells in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, immune cell malignancies, autoinflammatory diseases, and, finally, infections of the immune system.

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