Interactions between the gut microbiota-derived functional factors and intestinal epithelial cells – implication in the microbiota-host mutualism

Abstract

Mutual interactions between the gut microbiota and the host play essential roles in maintaining human health and providing a nutrient-rich environment for the gut microbial community. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) provide the frontline responses to the gut microbiota for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to commensal bacterium-derived components as functional factors for the action of commensal bacteria, including protecting intestinal integrity and mitigating susceptibility of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, IECs have been found to communicate with the gut commensal bacteria to shape the composition and function of the microbial community. This review will discuss the current understanding of the beneficial effects of functional factors secreted by commensal bacteria on IECs, with focus on soluble proteins, metabolites, and surface layer components, and highlight the impact of IECs on the commensal microbial profile. This knowledge provides a proof-of-concept model for understanding of mechanisms underlying the microbiota-host mutualism.

Protective effect of probiotic and prebiotic fermented milk containing Lactobacillus fermentum against obesity‐induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation

“…inhibited TNFα by LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages (Marchesini et al, 2003). Similar trends of findings with probiotic supplementation are published in different model animals (Jang et al, 2014;Kaur, Ali, & Yan, 2022;Liu et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2012;Ye et al, 2017). Overall, this study supports the evidence that probiotic L. fermentum 400, FOS, and Dahi in fermented and non-fermented dietary forms might control energy balance by regulating glycogenesis and lipid breakdown; alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation to some extent in liver tissues.…”

Probiotics and postbiotics play a role in maintaining dermal health

“…The timing of probiotic or postbiotic administration may also play a role in their effectiveness. 109 For example, administering probiotics before an injury occurs may help prevent the overgrowth of pathogenic fungi and viruses and reduce the risk of infection. In contrast, administering probiotics or postbiotics after an infection has already developed may not be as effective in treating the infection.…”

Intestinal mucin-type O -glycans: the major players in the host-bacteria-rotavirus interactions

“… 40 , 117 Second, the gut microbiota promotes the IEC homeostasis through production of microbial soluble factors (discussed below). 141 …”