Interactions between the chemical senses: Trigeminal function in patients with olfactory loss

Frasnelli, Johannes; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.007

Cited by 77 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, the trigeminal and olfactory systems are heavily interrelated (Brand 2006). For example, previous trigeminal stimulation can decrease olfactory thresholds (Jacquot et al 2004a) and loss of olfactory function reduces trigeminal sensitivity (Hummel et al 1996;Frasnelli and Hummel 2007). These interactions justify efforts to understand the mechanisms by which olfactory stimuli are involved in trigeminal nerve stimulation in an effort to strengthen future studies of olfactory perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Irritating Odorants Target the Trigeminal Chemoreceptor TRPA1

2010

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The trigeminal nerve responds to a variety of nociceptive stimuli, including many chemicals that activate the olfactory system at lower concentrations. However, the mechanisms by which specific odorants activate the trigeminal nerve are largely undetermined. We used an integrative approach to determine whether TRPA1 channels were the target of eight olfactory stimuli known to activate the trigeminal nerve. In a mammalian cell line stably expressing the human TRPA1 channel, we observed significant increases in intracellular calcium levels upon application of α-terpineol, amyl acetate, benzaldehyde, and toluene. Notably, these responses were greatly reduced when these chemicals were applied in conjunction with the TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031. To determine whether TRPA1 is required for detecting these odorants as irritants in vivo, we evaluated physiological and behavioral responses to these stimuli in mice lacking the TRPA1 channel. A decline in respiration was seen in wild-type but not TRPA1 knockout mice upon exposure to α-terpineol, benzaldehyde, and toluene. Furthermore, we observed either attenuated or absent avoidance behaviors in TRPA1 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice when exposed to α-terpineol, amyl acetate, and benzaldehyde. Our results show that TRPA1 is a molecular target for four different odorants-α-terpineol, amyl acetate, benzaldehyde, and toluene. Additionally, this study suggests that TRPA1 is required for detection of α-terpineol, benzaldehyde, and toluene as trigeminal irritants. However, TRPA1 is likely only one of multiple trigeminal receptors detecting amyl acetate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Irritating Odorants Target the Trigeminal Chemoreceptor TRPA1

2010

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“…This reduced trigeminal sensitivity is due to the lack of central-nervous interactions. Nevertheless, on peripheral level, adaptive mechanisms exist that lead to increase in trigeminal responsiveness [23]. Following these statements we may thus hypothesize that the complete resection of the turbinates (in SAR) or the replacement of the nasal mucosa and/or olfactory neuroepithelium (in case of PAR or SAR) by a squamous cell metaplasia may lead to an impairment of olfactory and trigeminal functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Chemosensory function assessed with psychophysical testing and event-related potentials in patients with atrophic rhinitis

Huart

Eloy

Collet

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammation of the nose characterized by an atrophy of the nasal mucosa. This is typically associated with an impaired sense of smell and a subjective sensation of poor nasal breathing. The aim of this study is to assess chemosensory function in patients suffering from AR using psychophysical testings and event-related potentials (ERP) responses. A cohort of nine patients was extensively studied. Eight out of nine had secondary AR sequela of a bilateral total inferior turbinectomy whereas one patient had a primary AR. All the patients had a clinical evaluation using Sniffin' Sticks test and a retro-olfaction test and an electrophysiological evaluation based upon ERPs obtained after both olfactory and trigeminal stimuli. All the patients complained of a poor nasal breathing and presented a distortion of the chemosensory function. Actually, the orthonasal psychophysical testing showed that four patients out of nine had anosmia, three out of nine had hyposmia and two out of nine were normosmic. All the patients demonstrated retro-olfaction scores inferior to the normal values. The chemosensory ERP showed that seven patients had no olfactory response whereas six had no trigeminal response. Four patients had neither olfactory nor trigeminal ERP response. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that most patients with AR secondary to a total bilateral inferior turbinectomy have a reduction of the chemosensory function measured objectively by psychophysical testings and ERP [corrected].

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“…Each nostril was tested using 3 different concentrations of CO 2 (35%, 45%, 55%; air flow 1 L/min), starting with 2 stimuli of the lowest concentration, resulting in a total of 6 stimuli for each side of the nose. The procedure was repeated with a 10-minute interval, to a total of 4 test measurements (measurements [1][2][3][4]. No adverse effects were reported by any of the participants.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Trigeminal Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Most odorants activate trigeminal as well as olfactory receptors, and an interaction between the trigeminal and the olfactory system has been reported. [2][3][4] In addition, the perception of nasal air flow is mediated by intranasal trigeminal sensation. 5 Disruption or alteration of intranasal trigeminal sensory function can occur as a result of surgery (septoplasty, sinus surgery), intranasal pathology (inflammation, allergy, tumors), or therapeutic interventions (radioor chemotherapy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Device for the Clinical Assessment of Intranasal Trigeminal Sensitivity

Naka

Wolf

Renner

et al. 2014

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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Objective: Despite the significance of trigeminal pathology, practical clinical tests that accurately evaluate intranasal trigeminal function are scarce. The aim of the present study is to introduce a practical procedure for the assessment of intranasal trigeminal sensitivity. Methods: We developed a device to stimulate the nasal mucosa using carbon dioxide, which is self-administered intranasally by holding down a timed button until the required sensory response has been triggered. The trigeminal sensitivity is derived from the measured administration time in conjunction with the concentration of carbon dioxide administered. Sixty-three healthy participants were used to validate the device, after which the new device was compared with a standard lateralization task in an additional 16 participants. In 20 participants, the experiment was repeated to verify test-retest reliability. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant consistency in administration-duration in healthy individuals, including those in the test-retest group. Those participants with higher scores in the lateralization task were found to show higher intranasal sensitivity measured by the new device. Conclusion: Herein, we present the design and validation of a novel device for the practical assessment of intranasal trigeminal sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy and reliability of this device.

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Interactions between the chemical senses: Trigeminal function in patients with olfactory loss

Cited by 77 publications

References 60 publications

Four Irritating Odorants Target the Trigeminal Chemoreceptor TRPA1

Four Irritating Odorants Target the Trigeminal Chemoreceptor TRPA1

Chemosensory function assessed with psychophysical testing and event-related potentials in patients with atrophic rhinitis

A Novel Device for the Clinical Assessment of Intranasal Trigeminal Sensitivity

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