Interactions between Sonchus oleraceus L. and some weeds in agroecosystems in Egypt

Abstract

Interference of Sonchus oleraceus was studied by evaluating its competitive and allelopathic potential on three weed species: Brassica nigra, Chenopodium murale and Melilotus indicus. The allelopathic potential of S. oleraceus was assessed using the S. oleraceus-infested soil collected from its dominating communities and its root exudates trapped using living S. oleraceus, while its competitive ability was assessed in greenhouse in an additive design with ratio 1:1 at different densities. The rhizosphere soil of S. oleraceus inhibited germination and growth of B. nigra and M. indicus. Chlorophyll content of the target weeds was not affected in this test. Soils containing living S. oleraceus inhibited germination and growth of all weeds except germination of C. murale. Interspecific competition reduced germination of C. murale and M. indicus, and increased mortality of the former at all densities. HPLC analyses for soil samples indicated the presence of several phenolic compounds among which caffeic acid and catechol were abundant in the S. oleraceus-infested soil while caffeic and ferulic acids were abundant in its root exudates. The data suggest that both allelopathic and competitive potential of S. oleraceus function, and its interference plays at least a partial role in the community organization of weeds in agroecosystem. ª 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams

Sow Thistle Chloroplast Genomes: Insights into the Plastome Evolution and Relationship of Two Weedy Species, Sonchus asper and Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae)

“…The seeds can germinate throughout the year over a broad range of temperatures [1,2]. These species are considered to be particularly troublesome weeds across the grain growing regions because they have allelopathic potential to function as interference competition even in weed communities [3] and are prolific seed producers (up to 25,000 seeds per single plant in a fallow); the seeds possess pappi, which helps wind-mediated dispersal [4]. Moreover, the evolution of herbicide resistance found that populations of these species threatens the efficiency of weed control.…”

Allelopathic interference of Sonchus oleraceus L. with wheat and the associated weeds: a field study

“…Allelopathic interactions generally involve the release of chemical compounds (i.e. allelochemicals) from living or dead plant parts in sufficient quantities that may suppress germination and/or establishment of weed seedlings in the agroecosystem (Qasem & Foy, 2001;Hassan et al, 2014a). Used as cover crops, some plants produce relevant amounts of allelochemicals which are released from living or dead plant tissues that can exert a strong influence on the target weeds (Cheng & Cheng, 2015).…”

“…During hoeing practices in cultivated fields, the farmers uproot this plant and mix it with the soil during ploughing, the phenomenon that may affect the incoming crops and its associated weed species due to the potential release of some phytotoxins from the plant residue. S. oleraceus was found to be allelopathic against some common weeds (Gomaa et al, 2014;Hassan et al, 2014a). Besides, the allelopathic compounds released from its residue were long persistent in soil (Hassan et al, 2014b).…”

Interference of Annual Sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in Wheat

“…Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) is an emerging weed of global importance that is increasingly prevalent in the Australian cropping regions (Chauhan et al 2006;Gomaa et al 2014;Hassan et al 2014;Manalil et al 2017;Osten et al 2007). Abundant seed production, small seed size, and wind dispersal of seeds are some of the features that are contributing to the invasive success of this weed (Chauhan et al 2006;Widderick et al 2010).…”

“…When present in fallow phases without competition from a crop, this weed could deplete substantial soil moisture (GRDC 2009). Interference studies in different agroecosystems indicate substantial yield loss due to S. oleraceus in crops (Hassan et al 2014;Song et al 2017). Suppression of other plants could be due to the depletion of resources and the allelopathic properties of this weed (Gomaa et al 2014;Peerzada et al 2019).…”