Interactions between Polyanions and Cationic Surfactants with Two Unequal Alkyl Chains or of the Dimeric Type

Dimeric (Gemini) Surfactants: Effect of the Spacer Group on the Association Behavior in Aqueous Solution

“…The reported studies involved m-s-m dimeric surfactants and several water-soluble polymers (93)(94)(95)(96). The 12-s-12 surfactants were shown to interact weakly with hydroxypropylguar and strongly with hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylguar (93).…”

“…The study of the interaction between m-s-m surfactants and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, poly(disodium maleatealt-alkylvinylether) (94) and hyaluronic acid (95,96), showed that, as for neutral polymers, dimeric surfactants interact more strongly than monomeric surfactants with the polymers.…”

Aggregation behavior of anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants with dodecylphenyl tails

“…The spacer can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, flexible [9] or rigid [10]. The tails of gemini surfactants are typically constructed from a hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic chain, whereas the polar head group consists of ionic or non-ionic chemical groups, such as tertiary amines [11][12][13], carboxylates [14], sulfates [15], sulfonates [16], and phosphonates [17]. Information concerning gemini surfactants can be find in the excellent reviews of Rosen [18], Menger and Littau [3], and Zana [19].…”

Interactions between gemini surfactant alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) and polyelectrolyte NaPAA

“…Their results showed a nonlinear behavior of viscosity, a decrease in surface tension, and an increase in the molecular weight and aggregate size with increasing surfactant concentration. Zana and Benrraou [28] demonstrated that a dimeric gemini surfactant interacts with a polyanion much more strongly than the corresponding conventional monomeric surfactant. Wang et al [29] revealed the addition of NaBr has little effect on the CAC between cationic gemini surfactant and polyelectrolyte.…”