Interactions between phloem-restricted bacterial plant pathogens, their vector insects, host plants, and natural enemies, mediated by primary and secondary plant metabolites

Gross, Jürgen; Gallinger, Jannicke; Görg, Louisa

doi:10.1127/entomologia/2021/1254

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Neither had the relative increase of γ-terpinene. So far, it is unknown which compounds C. pyri can perceive (Gross et al 2022 ), but in previous studies with C acopsylla picta , there was evidence that young individuals are attracted by the terpene β-caryophyllene (Mayer et al 2008a , b ). Until now, the role of specific aldehydes and terpenes for host finding and choice of C. pyri remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered volatile emission of pear trees under elevated atmospheric CO2 levels has no relevance to pear psyllid host choice

Gallinger

Rid-Moneta

Becker

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The impact of climate change drivers on cultivated plants and pest insects has come into research focus. One of the most significant drivers is atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is converted into primary plant metabolites by photosynthesis. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations therefore affect plant chemistry. The chemical composition of non-volatile and volatile organic compounds of plants is used by insects to locate and identify suitable host plants for feeding and reproduction. We investigated whether elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere affect the plant-pest interaction in a fruit crop of high economic importance in Europe. Therefore, potted pear trees were cultivated under specified CO2 conditions in a Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility at Geisenheim University in Germany for up to 14 weeks, beginning from bud swelling. We compared emitted volatiles from these pear trees cultivated for 7 and 14 weeks under two different CO2 levels (ambient: ca. 400 ppm and elevated: ca. 450 ppm CO2) and their impact on pest insect behavior. In total, we detected and analyzed 76 VOCs from pear trees. While we did not detect an overall change in VOC compositions, the relative release of single compounds changed in response to CO2 increase. Differences in VOC release were inconsistent over time (phenology stages) and between study years, indicating interactions with other climate parameters, such as temperature. Even though insect-plant interaction can rely on specific volatile compounds and specific mixtures of compounds, respectively, the changes of VOC patterns in our field study did not impact the host choice behavior of C. pyri females. In olfactometer trials, 64% and 60% of the females preferred the odor of pear trees cultivated under elevated CO2 for 7 and 14 weeks, respectively, over the odor from pear trees cultivated under ambient CO2. In binary-choice oviposition assays, C. pyri females laid most eggs on pears during April 2020; on average, 51.9 (± 51.3) eggs were laid on pears cultivated under eCO2 and 60.3 (± 48.7) eggs on aCO2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered volatile emission of pear trees under elevated atmospheric CO2 levels has no relevance to pear psyllid host choice

Gallinger

Rid-Moneta

Becker

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In addition to its natural transmission by S. titanus, FDP can also be experimentally transmitted from broad bean to broad bean by the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus 9 . To be transmitted to plant, phytoplasmas have to perform a propagative and circulative cycle into its insect vector [10][11][12][13] . For this, phytoplasmas invade insect cells of different organs in which they multiply.…”

Section: Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Enters Insect Cells By a Clath...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavescence dorée phytoplasma enters insect cells by a clathrin-mediated endocytosis allowing infection of its insect vector

Arricau‐Bouvery

Dubrana

Canuto

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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To perform its propagative and circulative cycle into its insect vector, the flavescence dorée phytoplasma invades different cell types. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is used by a wide range of bacteria to infect eukaryote cells. Among the insect proteins interacting with the phytoplasma adhesin VmpA, we identified the adaptor protein complex AP-1 and AP-2 suggesting that phytoplasmas could enter the insect cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. By infection assays of insect cells in culture, we showed that phytoplasmas entry into Drosophila S2 cells was more efficient than infection of the Euva cell line developed from the insect vector Euscelidius variegatus. Chlorpromazine, cytochalasin D and knockdown of clathrin heavy chain (chc) gene expression using RNA interference inhibited entry of phytoplasmas into S2 cells. During invasion of S2 cells, phytoplasmas were observed very closed to recombinant GFP-labelled clathrin light chain. To verify the role of clathrin in the insect colonization by phytoplasmas, RNAi was performed via artificial feeding of chc dsRNA by the vector E. variegatus. This decreased the expression of chc gene in the midgut and heads of E. variegatus. The chc lower expression correlated to a decreased of midgut and salivary gland cells colonization after the insects had ingested phytoplasmas from infected plants. In conclusion, results indicate that clathrin is important for the FD phytoplasma to enter insect cells and colonize its insect vector.

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“…Several recent reports have systematically studied the relationships among pathogens, insects, and host plants ( Gross et al, 2021 ; van Dijk et al, 2021 ; Franco et al, 2022 ; Laihonen et al, 2022 ). Of these, research on insect-virus-host plant systems is the most extensive ( Ziebell et al, 2011 ; Casteel et al, 2015 ; Flasco et al, 2021 ; Wang Y. F. et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the activities of protective enzymes is an important strategy to improve resistance in cucumber to powdery mildew disease and melon aphid under different infection/infestation patterns

2022

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Powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll., and melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) are a typical disease and insect pest, respectively, that affect cucumber production. Powdery mildew and melon aphid often occur together in greenhouse production, resulting in a reduction in cucumber yield. At present there are no reports on the physiological and biochemical effects of the combined disease and pest infection/infestation on cucumber. This study explored how cucumbers can regulate photosynthesis, protective enzyme activity, and basic metabolism to resist the fungal disease and aphids. After powdery mildew infection, the chlorophyll and free proline contents in cucumber leaves decreased, while the activities of POD (peroxidase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) and the soluble protein and MDA (malondialdehyde) contents increased. Cucumber plants resist aphid attack by increasing the rates of photosynthesis and basal metabolism, and also by increasing the activities of protective enzymes. The combination of powdery mildew infection and aphid infestation reduced photosynthesis and basal metabolism in cucumber plants, although the activities of several protective enzymes increased. Aphid attack after powdery mildew infection or powdery mildew infection after aphid attack had the opposite effect on photosynthesis, protective enzyme activity, and basal metabolism regulation. Azoxystrobin and imidacloprid increased the contents of chlorophyll, free proline, and soluble protein, increased SOD activity, and decreased the MDA content in cucumber leaves. However, these compounds had the opposite effect on the soluble sugar content and POD and CAT (catalase) activities. The mixed ratio of the two single agents could improve the resistance of cucumber to the combined infection of powdery mildew and aphids. These results show that cucumber can enhance its pest/pathogen resistance by changing physiological metabolism when exposed to a complex infection system of pathogenic microorganisms and insect pests.

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Interactions between phloem-restricted bacterial plant pathogens, their vector insects, host plants, and natural enemies, mediated by primary and secondary plant metabolites

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Altered volatile emission of pear trees under elevated atmospheric CO2 levels has no relevance to pear psyllid host choice

Altered volatile emission of pear trees under elevated atmospheric CO2 levels has no relevance to pear psyllid host choice

Flavescence dorée phytoplasma enters insect cells by a clathrin-mediated endocytosis allowing infection of its insect vector

Increasing the activities of protective enzymes is an important strategy to improve resistance in cucumber to powdery mildew disease and melon aphid under different infection/infestation patterns

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