Interactions between peat and salt-contaminated runoff in Alton Bog, Maine, USA

Pugh, Alexander L.; Norton, Stephen A.; Schauffler, Molly; Jacobson, George L.; Kahl, Jeffrey S.; Brutsaert, Willem F.; Mason, Charles F.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(95)02934-6

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The concentrations of bivalent cations in mire water were not affected by either the concentrations in precipitation or by the atmospheric inputs of calcium and magnesium. On the other hand, the contrasting periodic patterns of concentrations of bivalent cations in mire water compared to monovalent ions were probably due to the antagonism between monovalent and bivalent ions (Bell 1959, Clymo 1963, Andrus 1986, Pugh IV et al 1996. High sodium inputs did not determine high concentrations of bivalent cations in mire water as reported by Proctor (1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Seasonal chemistry of pore water in hummocks and hollows in a poor mire in the southern Alps (Italy)

1998

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We compared the seasonal patterns of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations, pH, and electrical conductivity in pore water in a nutrient-poor mire of the southern Alps to precipitation chemistry, water-table depth, and potential evapotranspiration, with the main objective to unravel differences between pore-water chemistry in hummock and hollow habitats. Sodium concentrations in mire water were primarily determined by precipitation inputs, with highest values in spring. Potassium concentrations were dependent on vegetation uptake, peaking before the growing season started, and showing lowest values in summer. Calcium and magnesium concentrations were highest in summer. Cation-exchange processes, evaporation, and humification affected the periodicity of bivalent cations. The pH decreased from spring to autumn, gradually in hollow water and more abruptely in hummock water. Electrical conductivity followed the bivalent cation concentration pattern both in hummocks and hollows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Seasonal chemistry of pore water in hummocks and hollows in a poor mire in the southern Alps (Italy)

1998

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“…Ranges for σ w in natural noncontaminated peatlands are 0.003–0.05 S/m at the bog surface to 0.06–0.4 S/m at depths between 3.5 and 15 m [ Theimer et al , 1994; Comas et al , 2004]. Pugh et al [1996] reported surface pore water concentrations as high as 3000 μeq Cl − /l (approximately equivalent to σ w = 0.06 S/m) in a salt‐contaminated peatland in Maine. Instances where higher σ w occurs in freshwater peatlands (particularly at depth [e.g., Theimer et al , 1994]), include salt‐contaminated peatlands (e.g., road salt contamination [ Pugh et al , 1996]), and peatlands where conductive tracers are used to understand transport processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Pugh et al [1996] reported surface pore water concentrations as high as 3000 μeq Cl − /l (approximately equivalent to σ w = 0.06 S/m) in a salt‐contaminated peatland in Maine. Instances where higher σ w occurs in freshwater peatlands (particularly at depth [e.g., Theimer et al , 1994]), include salt‐contaminated peatlands (e.g., road salt contamination [ Pugh et al , 1996]), and peatlands where conductive tracers are used to understand transport processes. Extreme salt concentrations in peatlands due to contamination can reach more than 32,000 μeq Cl − /l (σ w > 1 S/m) [ Wilcox , 1986].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐frequency electrical properties of peat

Comas

Slater

2004

Water Resources Research

113

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[1] Electrical resistivity/induced polarization (0.1-1000 Hz) and vertical hydraulic conductivity (K v ) measurements of peat samples extracted from different depths (0-11 m) in a peatland in Maine were obtained as a function of pore fluid conductivity (s w ) between 0.001 and 2 S/m. Hydraulic conductivity increased with s w (K v / s w 0.3 between 0.001 and 2 S/m), indicating that pore dilation occurs due to the reaction of NaCl with organic functional groups as postulated by previous workers. Electrical measurements were modeled by assuming that ''bulk'' electrolytic conduction through the interconnected pore space and surface conduction in the electrical double layer (EDL) at the organic sediment-fluid interface act in parallel. This analysis suggests that pore space dilation causes a nonlinear relationship between the ''bulk'' electrolytic conductivity (s el ) and s w (s el / s w 1.3 ). The Archie equation predicts a linear dependence of s el on s w and thus appears inappropriate for organic sediments. Induced polarization (IP) measurements of the imaginary part (s 00 surf ) of the surface conductivity (s* surf ) show that s 00 surf is greater and more strongly s w -dependent (s 00 surf / s w 0.5 between 0.001 and 2 S/m) than observed for inorganic sediments. By assuming a linear relationship between the real (s 0 surf ) and the imaginary part (s 00 surf ) of the surface conductivity, we develop an empirical model relating the resistivity and induced polarization measurements to s w in peat. We demonstrate the use of this model to predict (a) s w and (b) the change in K v due to an incremental change in s w from resistivity and induced polarization measurements on organic sediments. Our study has implications for noninvasive geophysical characterization of s w and K v with potential to benefit studies of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas fluxes as well as nutrient supply dynamics in peatlands.

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“…The third site is located in Harrietsfield, Nova Scotia (44.591N, 63.641W), which is 7 km away from the ocean. This site is less than 10 m from a highway that receives road salt during the winter (road salt runoff as well as marine aerosols can greatly influence the water chemistry of peatlands; Pugh et al, 1996). The fourth site is located on the top of French Mountain on the Cabot Trail, Cape Breton Island (46.741N, 60.831W).…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex array of endobionts in Petalomonas sphagnophila, a large heterotrophic euglenid protist from Sphagnum-dominated peatlands

et al. 2010

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Petalomonas sphagnophila is a poorly studied plastid-lacking euglenid flagellate living in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands. Here we present a broad-ranging microscopic, molecular and microspectrophotometric analysis of uncultured P. sphagnophila collected from four field locations in Nova Scotia, Canada. Consistent with its morphological characteristics, 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) phylogenies indicate that P. sphagnophila is specifically related to Petalomonas cantuscygni, the only other Petalomonas species sequenced to date. One of the peculiar characteristics of P. sphagnophila is the presence of several green-pigmented particles approximately 5 mum in diameter in its cytoplasm, which a previously published study suggested to be cyanobacterial endosymbionts. New data presented here, however, suggest that the green intracellular body may not be a cyanobacterium but rather an uncharacterized prokaryote yet to be identified by molecular sequencing. 16S rDNA library sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridizations show that P. sphagnophila also harbors several other endobionts, including bacteria that represent five novel genus-level groups (one firmicute and four different proteobacteria). 16S rDNA phylogenies suggest that three of these endobionts are related to obligate intracellular bacteria such as Rickettsiales and Coxiella, while the others are related to the Daphnia pathogen Spirobacillus cienkowskii or belong to the Thermoactinomycetaceae. TEM, 16S rDNA library sequencing and a battery of PCR experiments show that the presence of the five P. sphagnophila endobionts varies markedly among the four geographic collections and even among individuals collected from the same location but at different time points. Our study adds significantly to the growing evidence for complex and dynamic protist-bacterial associations in nature.

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Interactions between peat and salt-contaminated runoff in Alton Bog, Maine, USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Seasonal chemistry of pore water in hummocks and hollows in a poor mire in the southern Alps (Italy)

Seasonal chemistry of pore water in hummocks and hollows in a poor mire in the southern Alps (Italy)

Low‐frequency electrical properties of peat

Complex array of endobionts in Petalomonas sphagnophila, a large heterotrophic euglenid protist from Sphagnum-dominated peatlands

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