Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows

Esposito, Giulia; Irons, Pete Charles; Webb, E.C.; Chapwanya, Aspinas

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.11.007

Cited by 428 publications

(364 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…These diseases occur due to imbalances between income, biotransformation, and output of metabolites, generating pathophysiological changes (Allen and Piantoni, 2013;Esposito et al, 2014). Unfortunately, most of these diseases are difficult to detect and can limit persistently the production of animals, generating a decline in the profitability of dairy farms (Kossaibati and Esslemont, 1997;Contreras, 1998;Risco and Benzaquen, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

et al. 2016

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-This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of management tools -daily pasture allowance and corn silage supplementation -during periods of forage shortage on the metabolism of dairy cows grazing low-mass pasture in temperate regions. Forty lactating Holstein cows were used during an experimental period of seventy days (April 15 to June 23, 2012). Blood metabolites and milk production were determined in fall-calving dairy cows grazing under two daily pasture allowances (PA) (moderate, 17 kg vs. high, 25 kg dry matter (DM)) and supplemented with corn silage (CS) (low, 4.5 kg vs. high, 9.0 kg DM). All cows received 3 kg DM of concentrate. Plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and urea were determined using an automated spectrophotometer, and milk production was electronically measured at each milking time during the trial. The experimental design was completely randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The increase in daily PA decreased plasma concentrations of BHBA (0.91±0. , but did not change milk production. The positive effect of increasing PA was associated with a high herbage intake, while the lack of response to increasing CS supplementation was attributed to a high substitution of pasture intake (0.9 kg DM pasture/kg DM CS). Low corn silage supplementation is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

et al. 2016

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“…It is important to note that the ensuing inflammation that occurs following calving can also be a contributing factor to reductions in DMI. Chronic immune system stimulation during this period has been known to result in anorexia, leading to feed depressions and reductions in body weight (Dionissopoulos et al, 2006;Esposito et al, 2013).…”

Section: Physiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Changes in Ruminal Tissue Induced by the Periparturient Transition in Dairy Cows

Dionissopoulos

AlZahal

Steele

et al. 2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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To understand how the capacity for fat metabolism (uptake, synthesis, modification) changes in rumen epithelia immediately before and after onset of lactation in dairy cows, rumen fluid Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) concentrations and mRNA expression profiles of rumen epithelia was determined in twelve Holstein dairy cows at three weeks prior to calving (wk -3, n = 12), one week post calving (week +1, n = 12) and six weeks (week +6, n = 12) after calving. The diet was modified from a dry cow formulation to a lactating cow formulation immediately following parturition and raised the non-fiber carbohydrate level from 34 to 43%. All data was analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS, with cows blocked by anticipated calving date and week of sampling as the repeated measure. Propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels rose significantly following the diet change (p≤0.001), although acetate and isobutyrate levels were unchanged (p>0.05). Mean rumen pH also changed during the transition period (6.38 Vs 5.81 and 5.85±0.08; -3 Vs +1 and +6; p<0.001) as did mean BW (716.00 Vs 635.82 kg and 615.45 kg ±16.20; -3 Vs +1 and +6; p≤0.002). Microarray analysis of total RNA from rumen epithelial biopsies revealed 1476 differentially expressed genes at a false discovery rate of 10%. These results were filtered for genes that were directly related to both the immune system and fat metabolism/homeostasis. Consequently, the expression of the resulting 28 genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) to compare their expression at period -3 versus +6 periods. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that 13 genes were upregulated (p≤0.01), 2 were downregulated (p≤0.01) and 13 were unchanged during the transition period. Pathway and context analysis yielded a unique interactome pathway map which revealed a set of genomic interactions that indicate a link between selected genes from the immune system and those involved in the preparation for lactation.

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“…Najmenší vplyv pomeru tuku a bielkovín bol zistení medzi 61 až 90 dňom laktácie a znižoval (P>0,05) mliekovú úžitkovosť o 3,74 kg*deň Introduction A successful adaptation to the onset of lactation and the resulting negative energy balance can provide for a healthy and productive lactation, whereas a poor adaptive response can lead to a multitude of problems including clinical disease and impaired milk production (Duffield et al, 2009). Also Esposito et al (2014) reported that transition cows in particular face the challenge of negative energy balance (NEB) and disproportional energy metabolism (fatty liver, ketosis, subacute, acute ruminal acidosis); disturbed mineral utilization (milk fever, sub-clinical hypocalcemia); and perturbed immune function (retained placenta, metritis, mastitis). Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a major dairy cow metabolic disorder caused by strong dietary negative energy balance around calving (Duffield et al, 2009) and the estimated prevalence in Europe is at 25 % (Raboisson et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of fat-to-protein ratio from start to the mid-lactation and the impact on milk yield

Vlček¹,

Žitný²,

Kasarda³

2016

JCEA

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of fat-to-protein ratio (F/P ratio) from early to mid-lactation and the impact on milk yield. 208 Holstein cows from 3 dairy farms in west Slovakia calved between years 2012 and 2015 were observed. Into the study 908 test-day records of milk yield were included. Cows were from 5 to 150 days in milk (DIM). Statistical analysis and analysis of influence of F/P ratio on milk yield were performed by SAS. The sample of observed cows produced 35.25 ± 11.55 kg*day -1 of milk. The average day in milk was 77.40 ± 41.17 and the average F/P ratio was 1.19 ± 0.25. In acidosis risk were 19.71% of all observation and 8.92% were in ketosis risk. The occurrence of acidosis risk increased and the occurrence of ketosis risk decreased from early to mid-lactation. The model described the variation of milk yield by 44.20%. All of the selected effects except the year of calving had high statistical significant (P<0.01) influence to variation of milk yield. The effect of F/P ratio decreased the milk yield by 4.97 kg*day -1. The highest impact of F/P ratio was observed between 5 and 30 DIM and decreased the milk yield by 6.31 kg*day -1 . The average F/P ratio of observations between 5 and 30 DIM was 1.32 ± 0.30. The smallest impact of F/P ratio was found between 61 and 90 DIM and decreased the milk yield by 3.74 kg*day -1 . The average F/P ratio of observation between 61 and 90 DIM was 1.16 ± 0.22. It is possible to use F/P ratio as non-invasive indicator of metabolic status to decrease the negative impact to milk yield. . Priemerná hodnota pomeru tuku a bielkovín medzi 61 až 90 dňom laktácie bola 1,16 ± 0,22. Pomer tuku a bielkovín je možné použiť ako neinvazívny ukazovateľ na zníženie negatívneho dopadu metabolického stavu na mliekovú úžitkovosť.Kľúčové slová: pomer tuku a bielkovín, holštajnské kravy, metabolická porucha, kontrolný deň

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Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows

Cited by 428 publications

References 145 publications

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

Evaluation of blood metabolites in dairy cows grazing under two pasture allowances and supplemented with corn silage under restricted grazing conditions

Transcriptomic Changes in Ruminal Tissue Induced by the Periparturient Transition in Dairy Cows

Changes of fat-to-protein ratio from start to the mid-lactation and the impact on milk yield

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