Interactions between mountain birch seedlings from differentiated populations in contrasting environments of subarctic Russia

Eränen, Janne K.; Kozlov, Mikhail V.

doi:10.1007/s11258-008-9441-y

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…This pattern contrasts with expectations of previous studies, predicting and, in some cases, confirming that plants from extreme environments at higher elevations tend to be less plastic (e.g. Emery, Chinnappa & Chmielewski ; Eranen & Kozlov ; Frei, Ghazoul & Pluess ). All these studies only worked along elevational gradients, and did not explicitly test the effect of different climatic variables.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation and plasticity interact along temperature and precipitation gradients to determine plant performance under climate change

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation and plasticity interact along temperature and precipitation gradients to determine plant performance under climate change

et al. 2017

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“…, 2004). This result is partly in conflict with a previous study, where we detected lower amounts of phenotypic plasticity in high stress populations in elevation gradients (Eränen & Kozlov, 2008b). Probably the large amount of different (and possibly contrasting) gradients used in the current study mask possible trends in individual stress gradients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of differences in phenotypic plasticity with shelter at origin rules out the possibility that the population differences are due to lower plasticity of populations from open source sites (Taylor & Aarssen, 1988;Heschel et al, 2004). This result is partly in conflict with a previous study, where we detected lower amounts of phenotypic plasticity in high stress populations in elevation gradients (Erä nen & Kozlov, 2008b). Probably the large amount of different (and possibly contrasting) gradients used in the current study mask possible trends in individual stress gradients.…”

Section: Population Differences With Respect To Wind Exposurecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Betula, particularly B. pubescens of northern Europe, shows exceptionally high genetic variation, which can fuel genetic differentiation (Eriksson & Jonsson, 1986;Howland et al, 1995). Indeed, populations of Kola Peninsula (NW Russia) mountain birch growing in industrially polluted areas have been shown to be adapted to HM stress (Kozlov, 2005;Erä nen, 2008), but adaptations to natural stressors remain almost unexplored (but see Erä nen & Kozlov, 2008b). The Kola Peninsula offers an interesting environment for studies on evolutionary ecology, with the subarctic climate, surrounding Arctic Ocean, mountain ranges and heavy industry creating multiple stress gradients with potential to study adaptations to multiple stressors, including, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mountain birch under multiple stressors – heavy metal‐resistant populations co‐resistant to biotic stress but maladapted to abiotic stress

Eränen

Nilsen

Zverev

et al. 2009

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Stress adaptations often include a trade‐off of weakened performance in nonlocal conditions, resulting in divergent selection, and potentially, genetic differentiation and evolutionary adaptation. Results of a two‐phase (greenhouse and field) common garden experiment demonstrated adaptation of mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii) populations from industrially polluted areas of the Kola Peninsula, north‐western Russia, to heavy metals (HM), whereas no adaptations to wind or drought stress were detected in populations from wind‐exposed sites. HM‐adapted seedlings were maladapted to drought but less palatable (co‐resistant) to insect herbivores, even under background HM concentrations. The absence of adaptations to harsh microclimate and the generally high adaptive potential of mountain birch, a critical forest forming tree in subarctic Europe, need to be accounted for in models predicting consequences of human‐driven environmental changes, including the projected climate change.

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“…Due to the direct impact of the mechanical stresses and the indirect effects of microclimatic modification caused by strong winds, wind exposure is considered a strong measure of a site's abiotic severity (following, e.g. Eränen and Kozlov 2009;Eränen and Kozlov 2008).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction intensity and importance along two stress gradients: adding shape to the stress-gradient hypothesis

2009

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The stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that the community-wide prevalence of positive interactions, relative to negative interactions, is greater under more severe environmental conditions. Because the frequency of positive and negative interactions within a community is the aggregate of multiple pair-wise interactions, one approach to testing the SGH is to examine how pair-wise interactions vary along severity gradients. While the SGH suggests that the net outcome of an interaction should monotonically become more positive with increasing environmental severity, recent studies have suggested that the severity-interaction relationship (SIR) may rather be unimodal. We tested which of the proposed shapes of the SIR best fits the variation in the interaction between two species along two types of severity gradients on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. This was done by comparing the performance of the grass Agrostis magellanica in the presence and absence of the cushion plant Azorella selago, along both species' entire altitudinal ranges (transects spanning 4-8 km), and along a shorter (transect = 0.4 km) wind exposure gradient. Along the altitudinal transects the relative intensity, but not the absolute intensity or the importance, of the Azorella selago-Agrostis magellanica interaction increased with altitude, consistently forming a plateau-shaped SIR with a positive asymptote. Thus, while the performance of Agrostis magellanica was negatively affected by Azorella selago at low altitudes, the grass benefited from growing on the cushion plant under greater environmental severity. Along the wind exposure gradient the intensity of the interaction also became more positive with increasing environmental severity for most performance measures. This suggests that the switch from a net negative to a net positive interaction can occur across both short and long distances. Therefore, this study provides strong evidence for a plateau-shaped SIR, and confirms that the SIR is unimodal along the particular non-resource severity gradients of this study.

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Interactions between mountain birch seedlings from differentiated populations in contrasting environments of subarctic Russia

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Genetic differentiation and plasticity interact along temperature and precipitation gradients to determine plant performance under climate change

Genetic differentiation and plasticity interact along temperature and precipitation gradients to determine plant performance under climate change

Mountain birch under multiple stressors – heavy metal‐resistant populations co‐resistant to biotic stress but maladapted to abiotic stress

Interaction intensity and importance along two stress gradients: adding shape to the stress-gradient hypothesis

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