Interactions Between IL-17 Variants and Streptococcus in the Gut Contribute to the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy

Kang, Mi Jin; Lee, So Yeon; Park, Yoon Mee; Kim, Bong Soo; Lee, Min Jung; Kim, Jeong Hyun; Jeong, Seon-Mi; Lee, Seung Hwa; Park, Min Jee; Rhee, Eun Sang; Jung, Sungsu; Yoon, Jisun; Cho, Hyun Ju; Lee, Eun; Yang, Song I; Suh, Dong In; Kim, Kyung Won; Sheen, Youn Ho; Ahn, Kangmo; Hong, Soo Jong

doi:10.4168/aair.2021.13.3.404

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, our findings are consistent with data from the Swedish FARMFLORA birth cohort, which showed that school-age children with eczema had lower median levels of valeric acid in their feces at 3 years of age than non-allergic children [18]. Correspondingly, a recent Korean study also observed lower levels of fecal valeric acid, as well as butyric acid, in infants with eczema at 6 months of age [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previously, this SCFA has been associated with elder siblings, including in an earlier study based on the BAS cohort [18,22]. While no such association was observed here, this study comprised a sub-set of children included in the previous BAS study and the median valeric acid concentration remained somewhat higher among children with elder siblings (0.66 vs. 0. shoes indoors, higher indoor humidity, and living in an older house have been associated with reduced relative abundance of Streptococcaceae in the home microbiota [27], while the proportion of fecal Streptococcus has been negatively correlated with valeric and also butyric acid levels [41]. It may be that such exposures contributed to valeric acid concentrations in our study, although no data were collected on these parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Regarding eczema, for instance, one study observed higher levels of propionate and butyrate at 3 months of age in infants with eczema by 18 months, but lower levels of the same SCFAs at 6 months [24]. In contrast, lower concentrations of propionate and butyrate were observed throughout the first year in infants with eczema by 3 years [25], and also in a mixed agegroup of eczemateous patients [26], while lower levels of fecal butyrate and valerate, but not propionate, were observed in 6-month-old eczemateous infants [27]. Further, another study found no difference in fecal SCFA levels between 3-month-old infants who later developed eczema and controls [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Low Concentration of Fecal Valeric Acid at 1 Year of Age Is Linked with Eczema and Food Allergy at 13 Years of Age: Findings from a Swedish Birth Cohort

Gio-Batta

Spetz

Barman

et al. 2021

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are abundant bacterial metabolites in the gut, with immunomodulatory properties. Hence, they may influence allergy development. Previous studies have linked fecal SCFA pattern during infancy with allergy. However, the association of SCFAs to allergic outcomes in adolescence is not well established. Here, we examined how the fecal SCFA pattern at 1 year of age related to allergy at 13 years of age. Methods: Levels of 8 SCFAs in fecal samples collected at 1 year of age from 110 children were quantified using gas chromatography. The same individuals were evaluated at 13 years of age for allergic symptoms, allergy diagnosis and allergy medication by questionnaire, and for sensitization using skin prick test against egg, milk, fish, wheat and soy, cat, dog, horse, birch, and timothy grass. Results: The concentration of fecal valeric acid at 1 year of age was inversely associated with eczema at 13 years of age (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–1.0, p = 0.049) and showed a trend for inverse association with food allergy at 13 years of age (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–1.0, p = 0.057). In a sub-group analysis of children with eczema at 1 year of age, a higher concentration of fecal valeric acid was linked with reduced risk of their eczema remaining at 13 years of age (OR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.0–1.5), although this latter analysis did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.12). Conclusions: Our findings lend further support to the notion of early childhood as a critical period when allergy may be programmed via the gut microbiota. Higher levels of fecal valeric acid may be characteristic of a protective gut microbiota and/or actively contribute to protection from eczema and food allergy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Low Concentration of Fecal Valeric Acid at 1 Year of Age Is Linked with Eczema and Food Allergy at 13 Years of Age: Findings from a Swedish Birth Cohort

Gio-Batta

Spetz

Barman

et al. 2021

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…In humans, an increased relative abundance of Streptococcus [ 43 , 59 , 60 , 62 ] is a shared feature of PPI administration. A relative abundance of intestinal Streptococcus is increased in patients with atopic dermatitis and is negatively correlated with SCFAs [ 63 ]. A relative abundance of intestinal Streptococcus is also increased in coronary atherosclerosis [ 64 ].…”

Section: Safety and Concerns Of Erw Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyzed–Reduced Water: Review II: Safety Concerns and Effectiveness as a Source of Hydrogen Water

LeBaron

Sharpe²,

Ohno

2022

IJMS

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Many studies demonstrate the safety of alkaline-electrolyzed–reduced water (ERW); however, several animal studies have reported significant tissue damage and hyperkalemia after drinking ERW. The mechanism responsible for these results remains unknown but may be due to electrode degradation associated with the production of higher pH, in which platinum nanoparticles and other metals that have harmful effects may leach into the water. Clinical studies have reported that, when ERW exceeds pH 9.8, some people develop dangerous hyperkalemia. Accordingly, regulations on ERW mandate that the pH of ERW should not exceed 9.8. It is recommended that those with impaired kidney function refrain from using ERW without medical supervision. Other potential safety concerns include impaired growth, reduced mineral, vitamin, and nutrient absorption, harmful bacterial overgrowth, and damage to the mucosal lining causing excessive thirst. Since the concentration of H2 in ERW may be well below therapeutic levels, users are encouraged to frequently measure the H2 concentration with accurate methods, avoiding ORP or ORP-based H2 meters. Importantly, although, there have been many people that have used high-pH ERW without any issues, additional safety research on ERW is warranted, and ERW users should follow recommendations to not ingest ERW above 9.8 pH.

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“…Recently, the important role of colonic epithelial cells (colonocytes) has been implicated in the host–microbial interactions, and these gut epithelial cells contribute to the microbiota composition and activities following gut dysbiosis, affecting many chronic human diseases 12 . In addition, integration and correlation analyses of host genes expression and gut microbiota have emerged as an important opportunity for diagnosis and prediction of human diseases including AD 13 , 14 ; for instance, associations between enzyme commission genes and microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases 15 , and also between IL-17 and Streptococcus in AD 16 . However, there have been few studies on prediction analysis using machine learning based on the gut transcriptome and microbiota in AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate diagnosis of atopic dermatitis by combining transcriptome and microbiota data with supervised machine learning

Jiang

Kong

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease in childhood whose diagnosis requires expertise in dermatology. Recent studies have indicated that host genes–microbial interactions in the gut contribute to human diseases including AD. We sought to develop an accurate and automated pipeline for AD diagnosis based on transcriptome and microbiota data. Using these data of 161 subjects including AD patients and healthy controls, we trained a machine learning classifier to predict the risk of AD. We found that the classifier could accurately differentiate subjects with AD and healthy individuals based on the omics data with an average F1-score of 0.84. With this classifier, we also identified a set of 35 genes and 50 microbiota features that are predictive for AD. Among the selected features, we discovered at least three genes and three microorganisms directly or indirectly associated with AD. Although further replications in other cohorts are needed, our findings suggest that these genes and microbiota features may provide novel biological insights and may be developed into useful biomarkers of AD prediction.

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Interactions Between IL-17 Variants and Streptococcus in the Gut Contribute to the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Low Concentration of Fecal Valeric Acid at 1 Year of Age Is Linked with Eczema and Food Allergy at 13 Years of Age: Findings from a Swedish Birth Cohort

Low Concentration of Fecal Valeric Acid at 1 Year of Age Is Linked with Eczema and Food Allergy at 13 Years of Age: Findings from a Swedish Birth Cohort

Electrolyzed–Reduced Water: Review II: Safety Concerns and Effectiveness as a Source of Hydrogen Water

Accurate diagnosis of atopic dermatitis by combining transcriptome and microbiota data with supervised machine learning

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