Interactions Between Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Gene Polymorphisms, Negative Life Events, and Susceptibility to Major Depressive Disorder in a Chinese Population

Yang, Jiarun; Ke, Siyuan; Qiao, Zhengxue; Yang, Xiuxian; Qiu, Xiaohui; Song, Xuejia; Zhao, Erying; Zhou, Jiawei; Zhao, Mingzhe; Yang, Yanjie; Fang, Deyu; Cao, Depin

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.503477

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Dysfunction of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β and Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways has been implicated in schizophrenia, and GSK3β polymorphisms have been linked to susceptibility to schizophrenia (Mizuki et al 2021;Chen et al 2020). Rs6438552 and rs12630592, located in the intron region of GSK3β, reportedly contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (Blasi et al 2013;Yang et al 2020;Hu et al 2018;Sunada et al 2019). The T allele of rs6438552 results in altered GSK3β splicing, with higher levels of GSK3β splicing isoforms and enzymatic activity (Kwok et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Gene Polymorphisms on the Plasma Concentration of Aripiprazole in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia

Wen

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study explored the differences in glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) gene polymorphisms between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and investigated the association between gene polymorphisms and plasma concentration of aripiprazole. We enrolled 127 patients with schizophrenia and 125 healthy controls from southern Fujian. The genotypes of rs6438552, rs12630592, and rs3732361 loci of GSK3β were evaluated by sequencing with amplified polymerase chain reaction, and the plasma concentration of aripiprazole was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All three locus of GSK3β had three genotypes each. The genotype distribution in each locus was not significantly different, but there was a significant difference in the allele frequency between the schizophrenia and control groups within each locus. Linkage disequilibrium analyses of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed strong linkage. The haplotype analysis results showed two haplotypes in the three SNPs of GSK3β. The plasma concentrations, dose-corrected concentrations, and normalized concentrations of aripiprazole were significantly different among the different genotypes of the three SNPs. In conclusion, the rs6438552, rs12630592, and rs3732361 loci of GSK3β may be involved in schizophrenia, and GSK3β gene polymorphism may be correlated with the plasma concentration of aripiprazole.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Gene Polymorphisms on the Plasma Concentration of Aripiprazole in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia

Wen

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Higher scores of the total stimulus of LEs represents greater stress perceived. LES has been widely used in China ( 32 , 33 ). In the present study, the Cronbach alpha value was 0.82.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immature defense mechanisms mediate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms

Ma,

Cao,

Wei

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the patterns of life events (LEs) and defense mechanisms in outpatients with depression and investigate the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the association between LEs and depressive symptoms in a psychosomatic outpatient sample in China.Materials and methodsAll of 2,747 outpatients (aged 18–65) from psychosomatic department were investigated in this study. LEs, depressive symptoms, and defense mechanisms were assessed by the Life Events Scale (LES), Patient-Health-Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), respectively.ResultsBased on the optimal cut-off point of PHQ-9, 1840 (67.0%) patients had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or higher (depression group), and 907 (33.0%) had a score below 10 (non-depression group). The scores of Negative Life Events (NLEs), immature and intermediate defense mechanisms in the depression group were significantly higher than those in the non-depression group, while the scores of mature defense mechanisms were the opposite (p < 0.001). NLEs was directly related to depressive symptoms (b = 0.010, p < 0.001), and significant indirect effect via immature defense mechanisms (b = 0.008, p < 0.001) was observed.ConclusionImmature defense mechanisms play an important mediating role in the relationship between NLEs and depressive symptoms. Helping patients improving defense mechanisms and dealing with NLEs may be of great help in the treatment of relevant patients.

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“…Negative life events (NLEs) were measured by the Life Events Scale (LES), which is a self-report questionnaire containing 48 items and has been widely used in Chinese population [ 22 , 23 ]. It is used to measure perceived stressfulness and number of stressful life events in terms of three dimensions: family life (28 items); work and study (13 items); social and other aspects (7 items).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher score indicates higher level of depression. Regarding severity, the score of PHQ-9 is divided into five grades: no depressive symptoms (0-4); mild (5-9); moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14); moderatelysevere (15)(16)(17)(18)(19); severe (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The optimal cutoff value for PHQ-9 to identify positive cases varies from study to study, with the most common recommended cutoff value being 10 points [27].…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association among negative life events, alexithymia, and depressive symptoms in a psychosomatic outpatient sample

Xie,

Ma,

Duan

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Depression is a life-threatening mental health problem. Various factors have been demonstrated to be associated with depressive symptoms, including negative life events (NLEs) and alexithymia. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the relationship among negative life events, alexithymia, and depression symptoms in a psychosomatic outpatient sample in China. Methods A total of 2747 outpatients (aged 18 – 65) were included in this investigation. The Life Events Scale (LES), Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-26), and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess NLEs, alexithymia, and depressive symptoms, respectively. A stepwise regression analysis model was established to investigate the relationship among alexithymia, NLEs, and depressive symptoms. Results Overall, 67.0% of the patient sample had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or higher. The stepwise regression analysis model showed a well-fitted model, in which NLEs and alexithymia explain a total of 34.2% of the variance of depressive symptoms in these participants. NLEs (β = 0.256, p < 0.001) and dimensions of alexithymia (difficult describing feelings (β = 0.192, p < 0.001) and identifying feelings (β = 0.308, p < 0.001)) were positively correlated with symptoms of depression. Conclusions Previous studies have confirmed the correlation between NLEs and depression, alexithymia and depression, respectively. In our study, we used a stepwise regression model to explain the relationship among those variables simultaneously, and found that NLEs and alexithymia could function as predictors of depressive symptoms. Based on this discovery, alexithymia-focused treatment strategies could be alternative in depressive patients with alexithymia, but this remains to be verified in the future.

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Interactions Between Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Gene Polymorphisms, Negative Life Events, and Susceptibility to Major Depressive Disorder in a Chinese Population

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Gene Polymorphisms on the Plasma Concentration of Aripiprazole in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia

Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Gene Polymorphisms on the Plasma Concentration of Aripiprazole in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia

Immature defense mechanisms mediate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms

The association among negative life events, alexithymia, and depressive symptoms in a psychosomatic outpatient sample

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