Interactions between domestic water hardness, infant swimming and atopy in the development of childhood eczema

Chaumont, Agnès; Voisin, C; Sardella, Antonia; Bernard, Alfred

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.013

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The levels of CC16 in serum have been shown to increase post-exercise,10,21 which can be explained by an increased hyperventilation-induced stress of the respiratory epithelium. Furthermore, increased exposure of highly chlorinated water induces barrier dysfunction not only in the airways, but also in the skin, seen as an increase in incidence of eczema in exposed children 29. The swimmers in this study also reported more eczema, compared to both tennis players and reference controls (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Asthma symptoms, mannitol reactivity and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adolescent swimmers versus tennis players

Romberg

Tufvesson

Bjermer

2017

JAA

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BackgroundStrenuous physical activity at an elite level is associated with an increased risk for asthma and, in some sports, also prevalence of allergies. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of asthma and allergy among elite swimmers and tennis players and compare airway hyperreactivity to mannitol and exercise.Materials and methodsOne hundred and one adolescent swimmers and 86 tennis players answered a questionnaire about respiratory symptoms and allergy and performed mannitol challenge and sport-specific exercise challenge. Atopy was assessed and fractional exhaled nitric oxide was measured. Mannitol positivity was defined as drop in FEV1 ≥15% (ordinary criteria) and/or β2-reversibility (≥15%) after provocation (extended criteria). A positive exercise test was defined as a drop in FEV1 ≥10% (ordinary criteria) and/or β2-reversibility (≥15%) after provocation (extended criteria). Club cell protein (CC16) was measured in urine before and after the challenges.ResultsAsthma symptoms were common in both groups. More swimmers had exercise-induced symptoms (77% versus 50%) and current asthma symptoms (56% versus 38%), compared to the tennis players. More swimmers also had a positive mannitol challenge test both using ordinary (26% versus 6%) and extended criteria (43% versus 17%), while the number of positive exercise tests did not differ. After exercise (but not mannitol) challenge, CC16 level was increased in both groups, but to a higher extent in tennis players. There were no differences in atopy, rhinitis or fractional exhaled nitric oxide.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of asthma among elite swimmers and tennis players and a higher frequency of current asthma and positive mannitol challenge tests among the swimmers. This indicates an unfavorable exercise environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Asthma symptoms, mannitol reactivity and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adolescent swimmers versus tennis players

Romberg

Tufvesson

Bjermer

2017

JAA

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“…Based on the adjusted odds ratios obtained in the logistic regression models, an Excel spreadsheet (www.epinet.se) was used to calculate S on an additive scale and its corresponding confidence intervals [47]. An S value (95% CI) that does not cross 1 indicates a biological interaction [48, 49]. In addition, S > 1 indicates synergetic effects and S < 1 indicates antagonistic effects [50, 51].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between susceptibility loci in cGAS-STING pathway, MHC gene and HPV infection on the risk of cervical precancerous lesions in Chinese population

Xiao

Huang

et al. 2016

Oncotarget

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a definite risk factor for cervical cancer. Nevertheless, only some infected individuals actually develop cervical cancer. The cGAS-STING pathway in innate immunity plays an important role in protecting against HPV infection. Chen et al. described that the rs2516448 SNP in the MHC locus may affect susceptibility to cervical cancer, a finding that we attempted to replicate in a Chinese population. To investigate the effects of cGAS, STING and MHC polymorphisms on susceptibility to cervical precancerous lesions, 9 SNPs were analyzed in 164 cervical precancerous lesion cases and 428 controls. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were also evaluated. We found a significantly decreased risk of cervical precancerous lesions for the GG genotype of rs311678 in the cGAS gene (ORadjusted = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16−0.98). Moreover, MDR analysis identified a significant three-locus interaction model, involving HPV infection, age at menarche and rs311678 in cGAS. Additionally, a significant antagonistic interaction between HPV infection and rs311678 was found on an additive scale. In conclusion, our results indicate that the rs311678 polymorphism in the cGAS gene confers genetic susceptibility to cervical precancerous lesions. Moreover, the three-way gene-environment interactions further demonstrate that the rs311678 polymorphism in cGAS can significantly decrease the risk of HPV infection and the elder at menarche.

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“…Similarly, a Japanese ecological study demonstrated higher prevalences of AD in urban areas with the highest water hardness [112]. Moreover, a cross-sectional study of 358 Belgian children in kindergarten found that AD prevalence was associated with increased water hardness overall, particularly very hard water [110]. In contrast, an observer-blinded, randomized control trial found no therapeutic benefit of ion-exchange water softeners on AD severity in geographic regions in the UK with hard water [113] Together, there is inconclusive evidence for association between AD and water hardness, and additional prospective studies are needed.…”

Section: Water Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical exposure to hard water has been hypothesized to aggravate AD by several mechanisms: (1) calcium and magnesium in high concentrations are skin irritants; (2) greater quantities of soap are needed to achieve lather when cleansing with hard water [110][111][112]160] The health effects of hard water have been examined in cardiovascular disease, growth retardation, and reproductive failure [161]. However, their effects in AD remain controversial.…”

Section: Water Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Kantor

Silverberg

2016

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

260

225

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Introduction-The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.Areas covered-We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.Expert commentary-The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.

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Interactions between domestic water hardness, infant swimming and atopy in the development of childhood eczema

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Asthma symptoms, mannitol reactivity and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adolescent swimmers versus tennis players

Asthma symptoms, mannitol reactivity and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adolescent swimmers versus tennis players

Interaction between susceptibility loci in cGAS-STING pathway, MHC gene and HPV infection on the risk of cervical precancerous lesions in Chinese population

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

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