Interactions between dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in pathogenesis of nasal polyps

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional status of dendritic cells (DCs) in nasal polyps (NP) and their interactions with T lymphocytes. The interactions between DC and T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of NP was also studied. The expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)1a and CD83 in NP was detected using immunohistochemistry and the ratio of CD83 DC/CD1a+DC was counted. The distribution of DCs in NP and normal inferior turbinate mucosa (nITM) was evaluated using double immunostaining (CD1a/CD40) and low illumination fluorescence microscopy. The number of CD1a+ cells, CD83+ cells and CD1a/CD40-dual positive cells in was significantly higher in NP tissues compared with nITM. Furthermore, the density of DCs observed in NP was significantly greater than that observed in nITM. The ratio of CD83 DC/CD1a+DC in NP was significantly higher compared with in nITM tissues. The results of the present study revealed significant infiltration of DCs in NP, with the majority being mature DCs. DCs are able to interact with T cells via the CD40/CD40L costimulatory factor, thus serving an important role in the development and progression of NP.

Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment and Identification of Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis

“…In our study, we screened for biomarkers of DCs, of these, both CD163 and NR4A1 were highly expressed early in CRSwNP, and CD163+ DCs was shown to correlate with the activation of naïve T cells early in the disease. 44 Lin et al 45 reported a substantial increase in the number of DCs in individuals with NP, which could lead to the activation of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) expression through their interaction with CD40L on T cells. DC-expressed B7 molecules can activate T cells through the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway, and numerous studies have implicated a collaborative interaction involving DCs and CD4+ T cells in antigen presentation during the immune response.…”

“…DC-expressed B7 molecules can activate T cells through the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway, and numerous studies have implicated a collaborative interaction involving DCs and CD4+ T cells in antigen presentation during the immune response. 45 , 46 This process of antigen presentation operates bidirectionally, involving DCs facilitating T cell activation while concurrently receiving activation signals from T cells. Notably, T cells exhibit heightened expression of CD80/CD86 on their surfaces during this interaction and undergo reduced adhesion and phagocytosis.…”

Th17/1-Biased Inflammatory Environment Involved in the Response of Epithelial Cells to Antigen Stimuli in Nasal Polyps

“…NPs are a common nasal inflammatory disease with regional differences. The pathological features of NPs are characterized by the infiltration of multiple types of inflammatory cells and mixed patterns of T cell response [ 18 ]. According to the European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020, it is generally recognized that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and excessive expression of Th2 cytokines [ 19 ].…”

Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

“…DCs present antigens to naïve T cells and in this way connect innate and AIR. Epithelial cytokines and ILCs activate DCs, leading to pertinent T cell polarization [ 55 , 94 ]. DCs might infiltrate NP tissue and activate T cells by the CD40/CD40L costimulatory molecules [ 94 ].…”

“…Epithelial cytokines and ILCs activate DCs, leading to pertinent T cell polarization [ 55 , 94 ]. DCs might infiltrate NP tissue and activate T cells by the CD40/CD40L costimulatory molecules [ 94 ]. Other studies described increased levels of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in CRSwNP [ 95 ] and also programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the case of eosinophilic endotype in Asia population [ 96 ].…”