Interactions between body size and mating history influence the reproductive success of males of a tortricid moth, <i>Zeiraphera canadensis</i>

Carroll, Allan L.

doi:10.1139/z94-284

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These effects of artificial lighting on male moth life history did not result from variation in relative growth rates, as these were unaffected by artificial night lighting. Although a shorter development time (i.e., early pupation) may reduce the risk of death before reproduction (Benrey and Denno 1997;Nylin and Gotthard 1998), the concomitant reduction in mass may have negative consequences for males, such as decreased longevity, flight ability and sperm competition (Shirai 1993(Shirai , 1995Carroll 1994;Tammaru et al 1996;Iyengar and Eisner 1999), factors that may affect a males' fitness. In females, body mass is strongly correlated to egg production (Hon ek 1993) and thus directly linked to fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth

Geffen

Grunsven

Ruijven

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

160

107

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Rapidly increasing levels of light pollution subject nocturnal organisms to major alterations of their habitat, the ecological consequences of which are largely unknown. Moths are well-known to be attracted to light at night, but effects of light on other aspects of moth ecology, such as larval development and life-history, remain unknown. Such effects may have important consequences for fitness and thus for moth population sizes. To study the effects of artificial night lighting on development and life-history of moths, we experimentally subjected Mamestra brassicae (Noctuidae) caterpillars to low intensity green, white, red or no artificial light at night and determined their growth rate, maximum caterpillar mass, age at pupation, pupal mass and pupation duration. We found sex-specific effects of artificial light on caterpillar life-history, with male caterpillars subjected to green and white light reaching a lower maximum mass, pupating earlier and obtaining a lower pupal mass than male caterpillars under red light or in darkness. These effects can have major implications for fitness, but were absent in female caterpillars. Moreover, by the time that the first adult moth from the dark control treatment emerged from its pupa (after 110 days), about 85% of the moths that were under green light and 83% of the moths that were under white light had already emerged. These differences in pupation duration occurred in both sexes and were highly significant, and likely result from diapause inhibition by artificial night lighting. We conclude that low levels of nocturnal illumination can disrupt life-histories in moths and inhibit the initiation of pupal diapause. This may result in reduced fitness and increased mortality. The application of red light, instead of white or green light, might be an appropriate measure to mitigate negative artificial light effects on moth life history.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth

Geffen

Grunsven

Ruijven

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

160

107

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“…Likewise, female likelihood of re-mating was higher in C. fumiferana for females mated to males with a poor quality diet but fed the same plant species (Delisle and Hardy 1997), although female fecundity and survival were unaffected by male dietary treatment for those females that did not re-mate. In contrast, male body size (presumably affected by both genetics and environment) and previous number of matings had no effect on female fecundity or survival in Zeiraphera canadensis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Carroll 1994).…”

Section: Adult Life History Traitsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Our understanding is more or less limited to the observation that a reduction in larval food quality or quantity generally results in reduced adult body size and fat content with consequent negative effects on fecundity (e.g., Scriber and Slansky 1981;Fischer and Fiedler 2001;Ernsting et al 1992;Awmack and Leather 2002), or on male reproductive success (e.g., Carroll 1994;Delisle and Hardy 1997). While extremely useful, this information does not yet provide insight into the organization of allocation as a whole within any one holometabolous organism, or the integrated suites of adult life history and morphological traits that result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval food limitation in butterflies: effects on adult resource allocation and fitness

2005

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Allocation of larval food resources affects adult morphology and fitness in holometabolous insects. Here we explore the effects on adult morphology and female fitness of larval semi-starvation in the butterfly Speyeria mormonia. Using a split-brood design, food intake was reduced by approximately half during the last half of the last larval instar. Body mass and forewing length of resulting adults were smaller than those of control animals. Feeding treatment significantly altered the allometric relationship between mass and wing length for females but not males, such that body mass increased more steeply with wing length in stressed insects as compared to control insects. This may result in changes in female flight performance and cost. With regard to adult life history traits, male feeding treatment or mating number had no effect on female fecundity or survival, in agreement with expectations for this species. Potential fecundity decreased with decreasing body mass and relative fat content, but there was no independent effect of larval feeding treatment. Realized fecundity decreased with decreasing adult survival, and was not affected by body mass or larval feeding treatment. Adult survival was lower in insects subjected to larval semi-starvation, with no effect of body mass. In contrast, previous laboratory studies on adult nectar restriction showed that adult survival was not affected by such stress, whereas fecundity was reduced in direct 11 proportion to the reduction of adult food. We thus see a direct impact of larval dietary restriction on survival, whereas fecundity is affected by adult dietary restriction, a pattern reminiscent of a survival/reproduction trade-off, but across a developmental boundary. The data, in combination with previous work, thus provide a picture of the intra-specific response of a suite of traits to ecological stress.

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“…Thus, any mating mistake by a Chrysochus male should reduce his opportunities to mate with conspecific females. What remains unclear is whether males may suffer further reductions in their success in siring conspecific progeny (the only progeny that will enhance their fitness) as a result of energy spent courting, copulating, and guarding females (e.g., Martin and Hosken 2004), or as a result of reduced sperm availability for those matings (e.g., Carroll 1994;Simmons 2001;Lewis 2004). Regardless, the lost mating opportunities resulting from time spent with heterospecific mates would suggest that the frequency with which males mate with heterospecific females should be positively correlated with the strength of selection against hybridization experienced by those males.…”

Section: The Chrysochus Hybrid Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Abundance and the Species-Specific Reinforcement of Male Mating Preference in the Chrysochus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Hybrid Zone

et al. 2005

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Most studies of reinforcement have focused on the evolution of either female choice or male mating cues, following the long‐held view in sexual selection theory that mating mastakes are typically more costly for females than for males. However, factors such as conspecific sperm precedence can buffer females against the cost of mating mistakes, suggesting that in some hybrid zones mating mistakes may be more costly for males than for females. Thus, the historical bias in reinforcement research may underestimate its frequency. In this study, we present evidence that reinforcement has driven the evolution of male choice in a hybrid zone between teh highly promiscuous lealf beetles chyrsochus cobaltinus and C. auratus, the hybrids of which have extremely low fitness. In addition, there is evidence for male choice in these beetles and that male mating mistakes may be costly, due to reduced opportunities to mate with conspecific females. The present study combines laboratory and field methods to quantify the strenght of sexual isolation, test the hypothesis of reproductive character displacement, and assess the link between relative abundance and the strenght of selection against hybridization. We document that, while sexual isolation is weak, it is sufficient to produce positive assortative mating. In addtion, reproductive character displacement was only detected in the relatively rare species. The strong postzygotic barriers in this system are sufficient to generate the bimodality that characterizes this hybrid zone, but the weak sexual isolation is not, calling into question whether strong prezygotic isolation is necessary for the maintenance of bimodality. Growing evidence that the cost of mating mistakes is sufficient to shape the evolution of male mate choice suggests that the reinforecement of male mate choice may prove to be a widespread occurrence.

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Interactions between body size and mating history influence the reproductive success of males of a tortricid moth, Zeiraphera canadensis

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth

Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth

Larval food limitation in butterflies: effects on adult resource allocation and fitness

Relative Abundance and the Species-Specific Reinforcement of Male Mating Preference in the Chrysochus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Hybrid Zone

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