Interactions Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Organic Material Substrates

Hodge, Angela

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800259-9.00002-0

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi hyphae have previously been demonstrated to proliferate in organic matter patches (e.g. Hodge et al, 2001;Barrett et al, 2014;Hodge, 2014) and have been shown to take up and transfer N in the inorganic form from these patches to their host plant (Leigh et al, 2009;Hodge & Fitter, 2010). The two studies described here followed a similar experimental design to that of Hodge & Fitter (2010) using dried, milled Zea mays L. leaves mixed with an agricultural soil (which had a high N 2 O production rate; Storer, 2013), to create organic matter 'patches'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N₂O hotspots

et al. 2017

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Summary Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent, globally important, greenhouse gas, predominantly released from agricultural soils during nitrogen (N) cycling. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutualistic symbiosis with two‐thirds of land plants, providing phosphorus and/or N in exchange for carbon. As AMF acquire N, it was hypothesized that AMF hyphae may reduce N2O production. AMF hyphae were either allowed (AMF) or prevented (nonAMF) access to a compartment containing an organic matter and soil patch in two independent microcosm experiments. Compartment and patch N2O production was measured both before and after addition of ammonium and nitrate.In both experiments, N2O production decreased when AMF hyphae were present before inorganic N addition. In the presence of AMF hyphae, N2O production remained low following ammonium application, but increased in the nonAMF controls. By contrast, negligible N2O was produced following nitrate application to either AMF treatment.Thus, the main N2O source in this system appeared to be via nitrification, and the production of N2O was reduced in the presence of AMF hyphae. It is hypothesized that AMF hyphae may be outcompeting slow‐growing nitrifiers for ammonium. This has significant global implications for our understanding of soil N cycling pathways and N2O production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N₂O hotspots

et al. 2017

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“…), but corroborating evidence for an AM‐mediated plant growth response after being fertilized with organic N is lacking. Addressing this knowledge gap is now pressing, given the ecological role of AMs in nitrogen cycling (Hodge, ; Hodge & Storer ) and the nature of soil N. Most rhizosphere N is bound in complex, organic material (Bremner , Stevenson, ) and only a small, ephemeral pool of inorganic nitrogen exists at any given time, and inorganic N turnover in soil is rapid (Jackson et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving the ‘nitrogen paradox’ of arbuscular mycorrhizas: fertilization with organic matter brings considerable benefits for plant nutrition and growth

Thirkell

Cameron

Hodge

2016

Plant Cell & Environment

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can transfer nitrogen (N) to host plants, but the ecological relevance is debated, as total plant N and biomass do not generally increase. The extent to which the symbiosis is mutually beneficial is thought to rely on the stoichiometry of N, phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) availability. While inorganic N fertilization has been shown to elicit strong mutualism, characterized by improved plant and fungal growth and mineral nutrition, similar responses following organic N addition are lacking. Using a compartmented microcosm experiment, we determined the significance to a mycorrhizal plant of placing a 15N‐labelled, nitrogen‐rich patch of organic matter in a compartment to which only AMF hyphae had access. Control microcosms denied AMF hyphal access to the patch compartment. When permitted access to the patch compartment, the fungus proliferated extensively in the patch and transferred substantial quantities of N to the plant. Moreover, our data demonstrate that allowing hyphal access to an organic matter patch enhanced total plant N and P contents, with a simultaneous and substantial increase in plant biomass. Furthermore, we demonstrate that organic matter fertilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants can foster a mutually beneficial symbiosis based on nitrogen transfer, a phenomenon previously thought irrelevant.

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“…C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) biogeochemical cycles (Torsvik & Øvre as, 2002;Nannipieri et al, 2003). Microbes can release various enzymes to decompose organic matter, and in doing so can provide the AMF hyphae with inorganic nutrients (Hodge & Fitter, 2010;Hodge, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014b). Therefore, microbes do not merely use AMF-released C but may also pay back other benefits to the fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and phosphorus exchange may enable cooperation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a phosphate‐solubilizing bacterium

et al. 2016

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SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transfer plant photosynthate underground which can stimulate soil microbial growth. In this study, we examined whether there was a potential link between carbon (C) release from an AMF and phosphorus (P) availability via a phosphatesolubilizing bacterium (PSB).We investigated the outcome of the interaction between the AMF and the PSB by conducting a microcosm and two Petri plate experiments. An in vitro culture experiment was also conducted to determine the direct impact of AMF hyphal exudates on growth of the PSB.The AMF released substantial C to the environment, triggering PSB growth and activity. In return, the PSB enhanced mineralization of organic P, increasing P availability for the AMF. When soil available P was low, the PSB competed with the AMF for P, and its activity was not stimulated by the fungus. When additional P was added to increase soil available P, the PSB enhanced AMF hyphal growth, and PSB activity was also stimulated by the fungus.Our results suggest that an AMF and a free-living PSB interacted to the benefit of each other by providing the C or P that the other microorganism required, but these interactions depended upon background P availability.

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Interactions Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Organic Material Substrates

Cited by 57 publications

References 191 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N₂O hotspots

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N₂O hotspots

Resolving the ‘nitrogen paradox’ of arbuscular mycorrhizas: fertilization with organic matter brings considerable benefits for plant nutrition and growth

Carbon and phosphorus exchange may enable cooperation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a phosphate‐solubilizing bacterium

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Interactions Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Organic Material Substrates

Cited by 57 publications

References 191 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N2O hotspots

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N2O hotspots

Resolving the ‘nitrogen paradox’ of arbuscular mycorrhizas: fertilization with organic matter brings considerable benefits for plant nutrition and growth

Carbon and phosphorus exchange may enable cooperation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a phosphate‐solubilizing bacterium

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N₂O hotspots

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce nitrous oxide emissions from N₂O hotspots